Transcript Chapter 10
Chapter 10 Tobacco © 2006 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. History Early Medical Use The spread of tobacco use Europe New World Tobacco production Nicotiana tobacum Nicotiana rustica Tobacum © 2006 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Types of Use Snuff Chewing tobacco Cigars Cigarettes © 2006 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Figure 10.1 Trends in cigarette sales since 1945 © 2006 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Who is Smoking? Males are more likely than females Current smokers are more likely to be heavy drinkers and illicit drug users Highest rate among 18- to 25-year olds College graduates are the least likely to smoke © 2006 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Tobacco Facts Tobacco use is the leading preventable cause of disease and premature death in the U.S. Males are more likely than females to report the use of any tobacco product. © 2006 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Nicotine It is a colorless, highly volatile liquid alkaloid When smoked, nicotine enters the lungs and is then absorbed into the bloodstream When chewed or dipped, nicotine is absorbed through the mucus lining of the mouth © 2006 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Nicotine Amount of tobacco absorbed depends on: Exact composition of tobacco How densely the tobacco is packed Whether a filter is used and characteristics of filter The volume of smoke inhaled The number of cigarettes smoked © 2006 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Figure 10.2 Mortality ratios (total death, mean age 55 to 64) as a function of the age at which smoking started and the number of cigarettes smoked per day. © 2006 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Chronic Illnesses Men and women who smoke have more chronic illnesses, including: Emphysema & bronchitis Cardiovascular disease Cancer Bronchopulmonary disease Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) © 2006 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Effects without Smoking Mainstream smoke - smoke drawn through the mouthpiece of the cigarette Sidestream smoke - smoke released into the air directly from the lighted tip of a cigarette Passive smoking - nonsmokers’ inhalation of tobacco smoke Environmental tobacco smoke - sidestream smoke and exhaled mainstream smoke that is inhaled by the passive smoker © 2006 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Trying to Quit “Cold turkey” Behavioral modification Smoking cessation aids Nicotine gum Nicotine patches Nicotine nasal spray Nicotine inhalers Buproprion © 2006 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved.