Transcript File - Portumna Community School

Gateway Drugs

Cigarettes, Marijuana and Alcohol are
described as the gateway drugs.
 Nicotine in tobacco smoke is very addictive,
even more addictive than cocaine and
heroin.
 Nicotine changes the chemistry of the brain
so that a smoker craves cigarettes.
 If a person took the amount of nicotine in ten
packs of cigarettes, he or she would die.
Trachea, Bronchi, Bronchioles
and Alveoli
Bronchioles
The bronchioles are the
intermediate air passages
within the lungs. They
branch off of the large
bronchi and extend to the
smaller branches of the
alveolar ducts. Each
respiratory bronchiole
subdivides into five or more
alveolar ducts. The
structure of the bronchi,
bronchioles, alveolar ducts,
and alveoli is often called
the "pulmonary tree"
because its extensive
branching resembles the
limbs and leaves of a tall
deciduous tree.
Alveoli
The alveoli are the tiny sacs at the ends (or "leaves") on the
bronchial tree. Each small bronchiole divides into half a
dozen or so alveolar ducts, which are the narrow inlets into
alveolar sacs. Each alveolar duct subdivides, leading into
three or more alveolar sacs. Each large alveolar sac is like
a grape cluster which contains ten or more alveoli. Because
the membrane separating the alveolus and the capillary
network which carries blood over them is very thin and
semipermeable, oxygen can transfer from the air into the
blood cells within the capillaries. Likewise, carbon dioxide
and other waste gases can transfer out of the blood and into
the air to be exhaled from the lungs. The alveoli are
particularly susceptible to infection, as they provide bacteria
and viruses a perfect place to grow. This accounts for the
tendency for a chest cold or other lung problem to advance
into pneumonia and pneumonitis, both potentially dangerous
conditions in which the innermost parts of the lungs become
infected and inflamed, diminishing air flow and oxygen
transport.
Alveoli Sac
Cilia inside nasal cavity

Cilia line the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity
Dangerous poisons in
cigarettes.

When a person inhales cigarette smoke,
thousands of tiny particles enter the lungs.
When the tar cools, it forms a sticky
substance that coats the lining of the lungs.
 It also paralyzes millions of tiny hairs in the
nose, throat and bronchus that would
otherwise sweep germs out of the lungs.
 The tar in cigarette smoke can trigger cancer
growth.
 The lungs expand and contract for normal
breathing, but the tar causes a gooey
molasses and this prevents normal breathing.
Diseases

Tar in cigarette smoke can cause another
disease – chronic bronchitis. In this condition
the airways to the lungs get smaller, and they
become clogged with mucus.
 Cigarette smoke also contains carbon
monoxide – (car exhaust). Carbon Monoxide
ends up in the brain, heart, and blood
vessels. This gas takes the place of oxygen;
the subject’s heart will have to pump harder
to deliver the oxygen around the body. This
extra work can put a strain on the heart.
 The gas also builds up a fatty substance
called cholesterol on blood vessel walls.
What is contained in
cigarettes?
 Rat
poison.
 Aviation fuel
 Insecticides hydrogen cyanide.
 Cleaning agents.
 Weed killer.
 Exhaust fumes.
Other Products
 Nitrogen
oxides: a major component of
smog.
 Ammonia; a major component of
fertilizers.
 Sulphur dioxide: kill cilia.
 Toluene can damage brain cells.
 Nitrosamines: destroy D.N.A.
Harmful Products: cancer
causing
 Tar,
nickel, lead and cobalt.
 Benzene: an industrial solvent refined
from crude oil.
 Cadmium used in batteries.
 Polonium 2010: a radioactive element.
 Chromium: used to manufacture dye
and paints.
 Acrolein used as chemical weapons.
Stop to think (inside)
poison – arsenic
 Floor cleaner – ammonia
 Polish remover – acetone
 Explosives – toluene
 Tanning lotion – methylamine
 Insecticide – DDT
 Weed killer – nicotine
 Power in satellites – polonium
 Aviation fuel - methanol
 Ant
Other Facts

6,000 die each year in Ireland due to
smoking.
 95% of lung cancers are caused by smoking.
 In Ireland one third of 15 – 17 year olds
smoke.
 20 a day smoker, spends over 180 a month
and over 2000 euros per year.
 It contains 4000 chemicals.
 It stains your teeth, the smell lingers on your
clothes.
 Tobacco companies need to recruit 25 new
customers per day because this is the
amount who die from smoking in Ireland each
day.
Irish and European Statistics
 In
2009 31% of the Irish population
smoked. 29% is the average for a E.U.
country.
 40% in Greece, but only 16% of the
Finnish population smoke.
 According to the HSE, 15% of irish –age
school children smoke.
 IN 2008, there were 36,000 tobacco
related admissions to hospital in Ireland
which cost 280 million.
Marijuana

It has more tar than cigarettes.
 Contains a poisonous chemical delta nine
tetrahydrocannabinol. (THC).
 THC is stored in various organs – lungs and
kidneys.This chemical destroys white blood
cells.It can cause panic attacks. Users find it
difficult to focus their thoughts.
 Can also distort a person’s sense of time and
space. (Auto accidents)
Alcohol

Alcohol is a poisonous substance. If the liver
becomes overloaded and can not deamify the
alcohol fast enough this results in alcohol
poisoning.
 Heart – high blood pressure and therefore the
heart has to work harder to pump blood
around the body.
 If your liver becomes damaged then harmful
products will remain in the body. The person
gets hepatitis and the liver gets sore.
Cirrhosis – portions of the liver die and
become scarred.
Statistics

As a nation we consume the most alcohol in
Europe, we have overtaken Luxembourg per
head of population.
 30% of male admissions to hospitals in this
country have an alcohol related problem.
 Orthopoedic – fractures.Gastro intestinal
wards – peptic ulcers. Neurological wards –
dementia. Liver units – hepatitic convulsions.
Respiratory Wards – pneumonia, T.B. tongue
and throat cancer. Cardiac Unit – high blood
pressure. Maternity Wards – birth to babies
with foetal alcohol syndrome. Accident and
emergency crashes. Morgue – suicides.
Cannabis
 Made
from parts of the cannabis plant.
 Impure – soap bar.
 Sedative effects and others feel chilled
out.
 Hunger pangs. Co-ordination. Panic.
 Chemical nasties: lung disease, cancer.
 Increases blood pressure and causes
schizophrenia and poor concentration