Transcript PPT - CARICOM Statistics

Review of Statistics, Indicators
& Metadata
Theme: Air
Indicators: 2.7 Emissions of Lead
2.8 Consumption of Leaded Petrol
Emissions of Lead (Pb)

Definition of Indicator

Pure lead is a silvery-white metal that oxidizes and turns
bluish-gray when exposed to air. Lead is primarily used in
the manufacture of lead-acid batteries, lead alloys, lead
oxides in pigments, glass, lead cable coating, and a variety
of lead products including ammunition and radiation
shielding. Lead is emitted into the atmosphere from mining
and smelting; from its use as a feedstock in the production
of lead alloys, lead compounds and other lead-containing
products; from mobile sources; and from combustion
sources. The major sources of Pb emissions have
historically been motor vehicles and industrial sources.
Data Source & Method of Data Collection


Data Source – Air Quality Management Unit,
National Environment & Planning Agency
(NEPA).
Method of Data Collection – A compilation of
annual emission reports completed by
industries (facilities classified as ‘major’ &
‘significant’) that emit to the atmosphere in
Jamaica. Emission reports are submitted to
NEPA and re-checked.
Method of Computation

Emissions data (includes emissions other
than Pb) are based on a combination of
stack test data, estimations based on fuel
use, estimations using AP42 Emissions
Factors (developed by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency) and also
Mass Balance equations.
Summary of Annual Emissions from Major and
Significant Facilities in Jamaica: 2012
Sector
Type of Emission
PM10
(tonnes)
Industrial
Sources
11040.38
Non-Industrial
Sources
1035.234
Total
12075.62
SOX
NOX
VOC
CO
Pb
CO2
N2O
CH4 P.A.Ps
Hg
(tonnes) (tonnes) (tonnes) (tonnes) (tonnes) (tonnes) (tonnes) (tonnes) (tonnes) (tonnes)
36074.66 11259.36 1193.399 3848.207 0.115859
32619.31
68693.96
28443.14 1747.084 9320.784
0
39702.5 2940.483 13168.99 0.115859
2476257
2925758
5402016
52.23588 92.51683
28.85072 584.2011
81.0866 676.7179
180.3668 1.889826
0
0
180.3668 1.889826
Lead Emissions from Major and Significant
Facilities in Jamaica: 2009-2012
Sector
Industrial Sources
Non-Industrial Sources
Total
Pb Emissions (tonnes)
2009
2010
2011
2012
0.178093
0.09
0.12
0.115859
0
0
0
0
0.178093
0.09
0.12
0.115859
Data on Pb emissions only available for the period 2009 -2012
(NEPA currently working on 2013)
Data Gaps


Data does not represent the sum total of
all Pb emissions released to the
atmosphere – data still outstanding from
some industries.
Data does not include emissions made
from other sources such as homebased/backyard smelting.
Areas for Improvement


Only the facilities classified as major or
significant (licensed under Air Pollutant
Discharge License by NEPA) are required
to submit emissions report to NEPA.
Eventually the smaller facilities will be
required to submit emissions reports.
Consumption of Leaded Petrol

Definition of Indicator
 Leaded fuel or leaded petrol is defined as fuel oil with
the addition of antiknock agents that are mixture of
Tetraethyl lead & dibromethane. TEL (tetraethyl lead)
blended with lead by-products like dibromethane or
dichloromethane was used as a famous antiknock
agent and octane booster in petrol mainly in efforts to
increase fuel mileage & decrease engine knocking.
Consumption of Leaded Petrol in
Jamaica



Officially, petrol stations in Jamaica began
selling unleaded fuel in April 2000.
Leaded petrol was fully phased out by the
end of 2001.
Types of unleaded fuel in Jamaica:
 87 Octane Fuel
 90 Octane Fuel
 E 10 Gasoline (combination of ethanol and
gasoline)
Consumption of Leaded Petrol


Data Source - Ministry of Science,
Technology, Energy & Mining
Years for which data available: 1995 2001
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