Transcript Two Systems Research Proposal Ideas

Autonomous Integrated
Power
System Operation &
Control
Dionysios Aliprantis (ISU)
&
Sakis Meliopoulos (GIT)
1
Observations
Technologies are Being Developed for the Smart
Grid
Power Devices with Converter Interfaces to the
Power Grid on the Rise – Unique Protection and
Control Issues and Opportunities (ancillary services)
Distribution Systems with Generation and
“Smarts” (Renewables and Load Management)
The Issue of Model Accuracy
Observations
The “Robotics” Community Has Made Substantial Progress on
Automated and Intelligent Operation of Complex Systems – why
not borrow this technology towards “autonomous operation of
power systems”
The DoE mGRID has Introduced the Concept of “Plug and Play”
Power Devices. Why not expand the concept of “Plug and Play”
to all power devices?
Proposal for Autonomous Power System Operation and Control
“The Grid”
UMPCU
(2) The Intelligence Center
will compose a system model
and perform state estimation
for the purpose of deriving a
real time model
UMPCU
(4) Commands issued to each
component are received and executed
by the appropriate UMPCU
Communications
Pipeline
(1) UMPCUs will acquire real-time
data and transmit this, along with
component models, to the Intelligence
Center
UMPCU
Intelligence
Center
(3) Applications, including fuel
management, voltage/VAR control,
security analysis, etc., generate
control commands specific to each
component
UMPCU: Universal Monitoring Protection & Control Unit
Communication Architecture for the UMPCU
UMPCU – collective name for the assortment of IEDs
attached to a single grid component
Physical Device – a single IED accessed through the
UMPCU communications channel
Logical Device - collection of logical nodes found in a
single IED
Logical Nodes - functions in the device associated
with one type of data object
Data Object – a single type of data consisting of (a)
real time measurement (current or voltage, etc.) (b)
component model, and (c) component connectivity to
the network
Hierarchical Organisation of Plug and Play Approach to
Tactical Grid Control – Information Processing
Update Components according to
Intelligence Center Optimization Commands
UMPCU
Level
Data Acquisition
COMMUNICATIONS
Level
Quadratic Model Composition
Transmit Data
and Models
from all UMPCUs
to Intelligence Center
System
•System Model
Monitoring •State Estimation (Static+Dynamic)
INTELLIGENCE
Level
•Power Flow/Visualisations
Applications •Fuel Consumption Management
•Ancillary Services
•Security Analysis
•Other
Transmit Optimization
Commands
from Intelligence Center
to UMPCUs
Automated Power System Control & Operation
Under present practices, any type of
grid optimization, requires
manpower and human supervision.
Disturbances to the system may also
require human intervention and
correction. The plug and play
approach seeks to automate this
process. Changes to the power grid
will be automatically and
immediately transported to the
intelligence center and the system
will be re-optimized. No human
intervention will be required.
Intelligence
Center
Visualization will be a key
component that will allow human
supervision of system performance
Applications
Smart Substation
Micro Grids
Distribution Systems
(Renewables and Load Management)
Proposal - Challenge
Laboratories of scaled power systems that
will operate, control and protect
autonomously should be developed in
several PSERC schools. These
laboratories can be used as test-beds for
further developments.
System-Based Approach
for In-Situ Protective
System Reliability Testing
10
Observations
Today’s Protective Relays and Intelligent Electronic
Devices in General are Becoming More Powerful and
More Complex
Modern Substations have Multiple Protection Layers
that Are Manually Coordinated by Experts in the Art
The Number of Experienced Protection Engineers is
Decreasing Relative to the Needs
Protection System Reliability is at Risk
Definition of Protection Reliability
NO-Operation
Dependable
Undependable
NO-Operation
Insecure
Incorrect
Incorrect
UNRELIABLE
Secure
Correct
Correct
RELIABLE
Operation
Operation
Dependability: “the degree of certainty that a
relay system will operate correctly”
Security: “the degree of certainty that a relay
will not operate incorrectly”
Addressing Protection Reliability
Important Trends:
1.
2.
3.
Relay Capability and Complexity is Rising
Industry Expertise is Retiring
Electric Power Programs in US Universities Minimized
 Recipe for Relaying Unreliability
Development of New Technologies and Approaches May Mitigate Issue
Thorough Review of Relay Settings
Computerized Procedures via Exhaustive Enumerations and Simulation of Events
(much more reliable and capable than humans)
Monitoring of Protective System
 Identification of Most Hidden Failures
Observations
There is a Need for Automated
Testing of Relay Coordination and
Reliability – “Elimination of Human
Errors”
Proposal for Assessment of Protection
Coordination & Reliability
Construct an Integrated Model of the Substation Under Study (three-phase,
breaker-oriented, instrumentation inclusive model) in a High Fidelity Power
System Simulator
Disconnect One Relay at a Time (this does not affect substation operations)
and Connect the Relay to the High Fidelity Power System Simulator.
Perform Exhaustive Enumeration of Fault Conditions Around the Substation
Using the High Fidelity Power System Simulator and the Integrated Model
For Each Fault Condition Observe Relay Response and Assess the
Coordination and Reliability of the Relay. Once this Information is Available
any Relay Reliability Problems can be Easily Resolved.