Transcript Chapter Outcomes - Goodheart

CHAPTER 4
The Horticulture
Industry
CHAPTER OUTCOMES
• Describe the plant sciences:
botany, agronomy, horticulture,
and forestry
• Compare and contrast edible
and ornamental horticulture
• Understand organic and
sustainable production of crops
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CHAPTER OUTCOMES
• Discover sources for locally
grown food
• Describe the green industry
• Discuss the outlook for
horticulture careers and list
horticultural organizations
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PLANT SCIENCE
Botany
Agronomy
Forestry
Horticulture
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BOTANY
• Plant biology
• Career: botanist
• May work in private or
public sector
• Fields include education,
research, commercial
growing
Chandres
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AGRONOMY
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Cultivate crops
Food, fiber, fuel
Career: agronomist
Specialties
– Biotechnology
– Soil science
– Plant breeding
– Weed science
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FORESTRY
• Plant, manage, restore, care
for forests
• Also referred to as
silviculture
• Career: forester
• Forest stands
• Tree plots
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EDIBLE HORTICULTURE
• Edible horticulture
– Olericulture
– Pomology
– Viticulture
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ORNAMENTAL HORTICULTURE
• Ornamental horticulture
– Floriculture
– Nursery and landscape
– Interiorscaping
– Turfgrass management
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OLERICULTURE
• Herbs
– Roots, stems, leaves
– Flavorings, foods, perfumes,
medicines
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OLERICULTURE
• Vegetables
– Roots, stems, leaves,
flowers, or fruit
– All fruits are vegetables,
but not all vegetables are
fruits
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Is a tomato a fruit or a
vegetable?
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OLERICULTURE
• Vegetable growers
– Work outdoors
– Conditions vary
– Lead teams
– Good communicators
– Plant management
– Critical thinking
– Problem solving
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POMOLOGY
• Cultivate, process, store, and
market
• Career: pomologist
• Fruits
• Nuts
• Trees
• Brambles
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POMOLOGY
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• Growing practices
– High-density orchards
– Increased yields
– Earlier harvests
– Quality fruit
• Growers
– Physically fit
– Manage crops
– Lead workers
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VITICULTURE
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Also called viniculture
Career: viticulturist
Career: enologist
Cultivate grapes
Prune vines
Fertilize soils
Manage pests
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VITICULTURE
• Grape cultivation
– 7 million tons in the
United States
– 90% from CA
– Other states: MI, NY,
VA, PA, and AR
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VITICULTURISTS
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College degree
Work outdoors
Lead teams
Critical thinking
Problem solving
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FLORICULTURE
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• Ornamental horticulture
• Careers
– Buyer
– Grower
– Floral designer
– Florist
– Interiorscape designer
– Product developer
– Wholesaler
– Broker
– Greenhouse owner
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FLORICULTURE
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Bedding plants
Houseplants
Potted plants
Container plants
Cut flowers
Foliage
Seasonal and holiday
demand
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NURSERY & LANDSCAPE INDUSTRY
• Nursery Growers
– Outdoor settings
– Greenhouses or shade houses
– Propagation
– Cultivation
– Market preparation
– Manages workers
– Lifting and moving
– Recordkeeping
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NURSERY & LANDSCAPE INDUSTRY
• Nursery
– Grown in fields,
greenhouses, or shadehouses
– Trees
– Shrubs
– Ground cover
– Vines
– Perennials
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NURSERY & LANDSCAPE INDUSTRY
Balled-andBare root (BR)
burlapped (B&B)
Pot-in-pot (PNP)
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NURSERY & LANDSCAPE INDUSTRY
• Landscaping careers
– Landscape architect/designer
– Landscape manager
– Irrigation technician
– Hardscape contractor
– Water feature designer
– Snow removal contractor
– Landscape lighting contractor
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INTERIORSCAPING
Yuko Frazier/Ambius
• Career: interiorscaper
• Interiorscaping
– Indoor landscapes
– Homes
– Businesses
– Classrooms
– Hospitals
What are the benefits of
interiorscapes?
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TURFGRASS INDUSTRY
• Lawn grasses
– Homes
– Commercial sites
– Athletic fields
– Golf courses
• Sod farms
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TURFGRASS INDUSTRY
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• Athletic fields
– Heavy traffic
– Quick recovery
• Golf courses
– Insect resistance
– Disease resistance
– Salinity tolerance
– Heat/foot/cart traffic tolerance
– Intense maintenance
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TURFGRASS INDUSTRY
• Sod growers
– Grow turfgrass
– Use heavy machinery
– Understand cultivation
– Harvest turfgrasses
– Lift weights ≥ 50 lb
– College degree in
turfgrass
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COMBINING EDIBLE AND
ORNAMENTAL PLANTS
• Edible plants
– Mixed containers
– Planting beds
– Landscape borders
– With flowers and
ornamental grasses
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ORGANIC EDIBLES
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Biological pest control vs. chemical
No genetic modifications
Did You Know?
The United States
USDA certification
Department of Agriculture
(USDA) says that the organic
No chemical food additives
label does not guarantee
No industrial solvents
greater safety, health,
quality, or nutritional value
No irradiation
for organic foods. The label
only ensures that the food
10%-40% higher cost
was grown organically
according to USDA
More labor intensive
standards.
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SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE
• Pest management
– Integrated pest
management (IPM)
• Soil nutrition and
conservation
– Crop rotation
– Cover crops
– No-till farming
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EATING LOCAL
• Harvesting
• Locavores
• Farmer’s markets
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COMMUNITY SUPPORTED
AGRICULTURE (CSA)
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Farmer sells “shares”
Beneficial to farmer
Beneficial to consumer
Risk to consumer
Crop insurance for farmer
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PLANTS IN THE GREEN INDUSTRY
• Biological and environmental impact
– Food source
– Add nutrients to soil
– Control erosion
– Oxygen
– Sequester carbon
– Shade
– Evapotranspiration
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THE GREEN INDUSTRY
• Aesthetic impacts
– Green spaces
• Mental health
– Improve fatigue and help focus
– Develop emotional, cognitive,
and behavioral connections in
children
– Encourage creativity and
intellectual development
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THE GREEN INDUSTRY
• Economic impact
– Billions of dollars contributed through annual
revenue to the US economy
– More than one million employees throughout the
United States
– Fastest growing segment of the national
agriculture economy
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FUTURE OF THE GREEN INDUSTRY
• Ecofriendly and sustainable landscaping
– Water-wise plants
– Edibles in landscaping
– Rainwater harvest
– Sustainable landscapes
– Integrated pest management
– Organic
– Technology
– Green spaces
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HORTICULTURE ORGANIZATIONS
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American Horticulture Society
American Society of Horticulture Science
International Society of Horticulture Science
National Association of Landscape Professionals
(NALP)
• AmericanHort
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GREEN INDUSTRY CAREERS
• Arborists
• Compost, soil, and
media producers
• Landscape and
garden suppliers
• Landscape
architects/designers
• Landscape equipment
suppliers
• Landscape managers
• Lawn and garden
departments
• Lawn care services
• Masons
• Public gardens
• Sod growers
• Urban foresters
• Wholesale and retail
nurseries
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