Transcript 8 - Goodheart

Chapter
8
Medical Terminology
and Disease
Word Elements for Medical Terms
• word root—the body of the word (cardi, arthr,
mast)
• prefix—before word root (intra-, trans-)
• suffix—after word root (-logy, -gram)
• combining vowel—joins two word roots (electr-ocardi-o-gram)
• combining form—word root plus combining vowel
(osteo, electro)
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Combining Word Elements
• Once you are familiar with word elements, you
can combine them to build medical terms.
• Most singular and plural endings follow Greek and
Latin rules.
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Discuss
Break the following words into their word
elements, and then derive their
meaning:
polycystic
poly/cyst/ic—having many cysts
mastectomy
mast/ectomy–removal of breast
transurethral
trans/urethr/al—through the urethra
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Medical Terms
• pronunciation
–
–
–
–
ch often sounds like k
g sounds like j when g comes before e, i, and y
pn sounds like n
ps sounds like s
• correct spelling—utmost importance in medical
terminology
• medical abbreviations vary by facility
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Body Cavities
• spaces in body that
house internal organs
• two main cavities
1. dorsal
2. ventral
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Body Cavities
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Anatomical Position
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Other Body Positions
Prone
Supine
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Other Body Positions
Fowler’s
Lateral
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Body Directions and Movements
•
•
•
•
•
anterior/ventral
posterior/dorsal
superior
inferior
distal
•
•
•
•
•
proximal
abduction
adduction
flexion
extension
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Discuss
What are some examples of abduction
and adduction? Demonstrate.
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Body Planes
•
•
•
•
sagittal
midsagittal/median
coronal
transverse
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Medical Specialties
• areas of focus practiced by medical professionals,
named according to a body system
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What Is Disease?
• a disorder or abnormal condition in some part of
the body’s structure or function
• an important purpose of medicine is to treat
disease
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What Is Diagnosis?
• made by studying medical history and symptoms,
performing physical exam, and analyzing results
• involves diagnostic testing, identifying treatment
options, and classifying disease
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Types of Disease
• hereditary disease (abnormalities in genes)
• congenital disease (birth defects)
• environmental disease (exposure to harmful
factors in environment)
• nutritional disease (inability or failure to consume
proper nutrients)
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Types of Disease
• infectious disease (pathogenic microorganisms)
• degenerative disease (deterioration of
tissue/organs over time)
• trauma (physical injury by accident or violence)
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Discuss
Write the first three diseases that come
to your mind. What types of diseases
are they?
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Cancer
• abnormal growth of cells multiplying rapidly in the
body
• metastasis—spread of cancerous cells
• malignant—used to describe an active, lifethreatening tumor
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Signs and Symptoms of Cancer
•
•
•
•
change in bowel or bladder habits
a sore that doesn’t heal
unusual bleeding or discharge
thickening or lump in breast, testicles, or
elsewhere
• indigestion or difficulty swallowing
• obvious change in size, color, shape or thickness
of wart, mole, or mouth sore
• nagging cough or hoarseness
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