Transcript IC3 Certification Objectives - Goodheart

CHAPTER 13
Internet and the World
Wide Web
IC3 CERTIFICATION OBJECTIVES
• Living Online
– Domain 1.0 Browsers
• Objective 1.1 Internet vs. browsers vs. WWW
• Objective 1.2 Navigation
– Domain 2.0 Networking concepts
• Objective 2.2 Network types and features,
capabilities
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IC3 CERTIFICATION OBJECTIVES
• Living Online
– Domain 4.0 Digital citizenship
• Objective 4.2 Legal and responsible use of
computers
– Domain 6.0 Research fluency
• Objective 6.1 Using search engines
• Objective 6.2 Evaluate search results
• Objective 6.3 Using advanced features of search
engines
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SECTION
13.1
Internet and the World
Wide Web
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
• Why is ethical use of Internet
resources important to maintaining a
functioning society?
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SECTION 13.1 LEARNING GOALS
• Describe the operation of the Internet.
• Use a search engine to locate information.
• Explain how to use the Internet in an ethical
manner.
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TERMS
•
•
•
•
Boolean operators
browser
download
human-computer
interaction (HCI)
• hypertext markup
language (HTML)
• packet
• plug-in
• public switched
network
• search engine
• uniform resource
locator (URL)
• upload
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Internet
• Worldwide communication network
• Connects individual computer networks
• Routing mechanism is based on small file
fragments called packets
• A public switched network makes use of
packet switching to transfer information and
is available to the general public.
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Internet (continued)
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Internet (continued)
• Internet Protocol
– A protocol is a system of agreed-on rules.
– Internet Protocol (IP) address
• Computer‘s network location
• Unique identification with four hexadecimal
numbers
– Domain Name System (DNS)
• Easier way to express IP address
• Begins with domain name
• Becomes a URL
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Internet (continued)
• Other Protocols
– Internet protocol works with other protocols
– Internet protocol suite
• Upload and Download
– Upload is a user at one computer sending a
document to a server.
– Download is a user retrieving a document
from the server to the computer.
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Internet (continued)
• World Wide Web
– Subset of the Internet
– Consists of a collection of documents
– Sir Timothy Berners-Lee
– Client programs provide functionality
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Internet (continued)
• World Wide Web
– Hyperlinks
• Data needed to navigate to another resource
• Used to mean hypertext
– Uniform Resource Locator
• Address that points to a specific document or
other resource on a computer network;
abbreviated as URL
• Several parts
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Internet (continued)
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Internet (continued)
• World Wide Web
– Browsers
• Computer program that retrieves hypertext
documents via the HTTP protocol and displays
them on the computer monitor
• Common features
–
–
–
–
–
Home page
History
Back, Forward, and Refresh
Favorites or Bookmarks
Plug-ins are helper files that extend the capability of a
software application.
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Internet (continued)
• HTML and Web 2.0
– HTML
• Language used to create documents that tell
browsers how to assemble text, images, and other
content to display as a web page; short for
hypertext markup language
• Based on tags
• Cascading style sheets (CSS) provide definitions
that control the formatting of HTML documents
• WYSIWYG
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Internet (continued)
• HTML and Web 2.0
– Web 2.0
• Websites that provide more opportunity for
collaboration
• New media
• Interactivity
• Interaction design
• Human-computer interaction (HCI) describes
how computer users communicate with the
computer
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Using Search Engines
• Search engines are software programs that
look through massive databases of links and
information to try to identify the best
matches for a search request.
• Boolean operators, or logical operators,
define the relationship between words in the
search string.
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Using Search Engines (continued)
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Using Search Engines (continued)
• Evaluating Results
– Accuracy refers to the correctness of the
information.
– Relevance refers to how the results relate to
the search phrases.
– Validity refers to how appropriate the results
are to the search question.
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Using Search Engines (continued)
• Types of Returned Results
– Forums
– Ads
– Sponsored Links
– Knowledge Basis
– Articles
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Ethical Use of the Internet
• Addresses Internet safety and intellectual
property
• Implements acceptable use policy (AUP)
including
• Every document has an author
• Proper attribution or citation must be made
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SECTION 13.1 REVIEW
1. Distinguish between upload and download.
Upload sends a file to the server from the user’s
device. Download brings a file from the server
to the user’s device.
2. How does the World Wide Web relate to the
Internet?
The Word Wide Web is a subset of the Internet
that consists of a collection of documents
connected by universal resource locator (URL)
codes and hypertext protocol.
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SECTION 13.1 REVIEW
3. List four programming tools used to create
interactive or dynamic web pages.
JavaScript, PHP, active server pages (ASP), and
structured query language (SQL).
4. List the three Boolean operators that can be
used in a search string.
AND, OR, NOT
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SECTION 13.1 REVIEW
5. If basing your own work on material found
on the Internet, what must you do to
document that?
Properly cite the source.
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SECTION 13.1 REVIEW
IC3 Certificaion Practice
In the domain name system, which top-level
domain would be used by a university?
A. .gov
B. .com
C. .org
D. .edu
D. .edu
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SECTION
13.2
Creating for the Web
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
• How does the efficiency of web
programming impact the usability of
a web page?
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SECTION 13.2 LEARNING GOALS
• Identify graphic design principles that
should be applied when creating a web
page.
• Explain how to create a basic web page
using HTML.
• Discuss programming language used to
create web pages.
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TERMS
• alignment
• cascading style sheet
(CSS)
• contrast
• external style
• inline style
• internal style
• JavaScript
• PHP hypertext
preprocessor
• proximity
• repetition
• semantic tag
• tag
• validation
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Designing for the Web
• Contrast
– Degree of difference between elements in a
design
– Use large items with small items
• Repetition
– When an element occurs more than once
– Pattern
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Designing for the Web (continued)
• Alignment
– Placing elements in relation to key points in
other elements
– Can enhance message
• Proximity
– How closely elements are placed to each
other
– Items placed closely will be seen as a group
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HTML
• Files are
– Text-only
– End with .html or .htm
– Stored in folder accessible to Internet
• First page named index.html
• A tag is a code enclosed in chevrons that tells
the browser how to format or display the
content.
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HTML (continued)
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HTML (continued)
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HTML (continued)
• HTML5
– New elements
•
•
•
•
Semantic
Form control
Graphics
Multimedia
– A semantic tag is one in which the purpose of
the tag is clear from the tag name.
• <header>
• <section>
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HTML (continued)
• CSS
– A cascading style sheet (CSS) provides
information for a web page.
– Inline styles are embedded into the HTML
file within the element being formatted.
• Override all other styles
• <p style=“margin-left: 30px;”>
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HTML (continued)
• CSS
– Internal styles are defined in the head section
of the HTML file.
• Second priority of formatting
• <head>
<style>
P{margin-left: 30px;}
</style>
</head>
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HTML (continued)
• CSS
– External styles are similar to internal styles,
but they are contained in a separate CSS file.
• Final priority formatting
• p{
margin-left: 30px;
}
• Linked to many pages
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HTML (continued)
• Validation
– Process of checking code to ensure it contains
no errors of syntax or usage.
– validator.w3.org
– Forgiving language
• Errors are not reported
• Browser ignored it and tries to best display
remainder of the page
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Programming Languages
• JavaScript
– Object-oriented programming language most
often used in web development.
• Create interactive buttons
• Vary user’s experience
• PHP and Other Hypertext Preprocessers
– PHP hypertext preprocessor enhances
interactions and supplies database support
using SQL.
– Server-side technology
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SECTION 13.2 REVIEW
1. What are four basic design principles that
should be applied to the design of a website?
Contrast, repetition, alignment, and proximity.
2. In HTML, what tells browsers how to format
or display a web page?
Tags
3. What is the order of the cascade for CSS?
Inline style, internal styles, and then external
styles.
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SECTION 13.2 REVIEW
4. What does validation do for a web page?
It verifies the code contains no errors of syntax
or usage.
5. What is required to add database support to
a web page?
A preprocessor language.
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SECTION 13.2 REVIEW
IC3 Certification Practice
A server is a:
A. specialized computer.
B. conductive wireframe.
C. set of ports to the Internet.
D. client machine.
A. specialized computer.
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