Transcript Diapositivo 1

Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis)
Melissa expresses the melliferous character of
Etymology
the plant.
Origin and description of the plant
Edaphic requirements
Multiplication
Its specific name explains its medicinal usage.
Seed-plot and Care
Harvesting
Productions
Bibliography
Medical herbs and aromatic plants
Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis)
It is an herbaceous and vivacious plant, with a
variable height of 30-90 cm.
Etymology
Origin and description of the plant
Its square stems are branchy and straight.
Edaphic requirements
Multiplication
Seed-plot and Care
Harvesting
Productions
Bibliography
The leaves are cordiform, petiolated, softly
dentate, with a dark green colour on the leaf
surface, and light green colour and pubescent
in the bottom surface of the leaf.
They release a pleasant aroma, which reminds
of lemon and it has a hot and bitter taste.
Medical herbs and aromatic plants
Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis)
Its flowers are yellow before opening and later
become white or pink.
Etymology
Origin and description of the plant
Edaphic requirements
They are arranged in 6-12 verticils in the
leaves' axils. It flowers in May.
Multiplication
Seed-plot and Care
Harvesting
Productions
Bibliography
Its fruit is tetrachene.
The parts of Lemon Balm, which are used are
fresh stems and dried leaves, and occasionally
also the flowers may be used.
Medical herbs and aromatic plants
Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis)
Etymology
Lemon Balm is found in Central, Eastern and
Southern Europe, in fresh and humid regions,
with an altitude of 0-1000 m.
Origin and description of the plant
Edaphic requirements
Multiplication
Seed-plot and Care
Harvesting
Productions
Bibliography
It's a plant that doesn't require a very rich
soil, but it rather prefers soils with a medium
texture, deep, permeable, such as alluvium
ones, fertile and well-drained.
The climate should be tempered,
strong rime-frost storms.
Medical herbs and aromatic plants
avoiding
Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis)
It reproduces itself through seeds or through
the plant's division.
Etymology
Origin and description of the plant
Edaphic requirements
Multiplication
Seed-plot and Care
Harvesting
Productions
Bibliography
1000 seeds weight 0.512 g, with a maximum
germination percentage of 35%, at light, in 24
days and alternated temperatures between 20
and 30°C.
Seeding can be done in March or April and the
flowers are harvested in autumn or in the next
springtime.
2 g of seeds are needed to sow 1 m² of land,
which will produce 500 plants.
Medical herbs and aromatic plants
Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis)
The division of
February-March.
Etymology
Origin and description of the plant
Edaphic requirements
Multiplication
Seed-plot and Care
Harvesting
plant
is
done
between
New stems with roots are harvested around
the main plant, which allows a faster
implantation
of
the
cultivation,
allowing
production already during the first year.
Productions
Bibliography
Medical herbs and aromatic plants
Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis)
Etymology
Origin and description of the plant
For the
considered
lasts 5 or
must be of
soil management it should be
that the cultivation of this crop
more years, so manure application
20-30 t/ha.
Edaphic requirements
Multiplication
Seed-plot and Care
Harvesting
Productions
Bibliography
Sowing is done in rows with 60-70 cm space
between, according to the work demands and
with a distance of 35 cm between the plants.
The plantation density
50000 plants/ha.
should
not
Medical herbs and aromatic plants
exceed
Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis)
Irrigatation is very important during dry
weather and after the first trimming process.
Etymology
Origin and description of the plant
Edaphic requirements
Multiplication
Manual weeding and soil management are
needed when the soil becomes hard and when
the first weeds appear.
Seed-plot and Care
Harvesting
Productions
Bibliography
Medical herbs and aromatic plants
Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis)
Etymology
Origin and description of the plant
Edaphic requirements
Multiplication
Seed-plot and Care
Harvesting
Productions
Bibliography
Table - Lemon balm principal pests and diseases. Its recommended
treatment. (Adp. Bustamante, 1993 and Ferreira et al., 1998; Thorez, 1997)
Medical herbs and aromatic plants
Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis)
Etymology
Origin and description of the plant
Edaphic requirements
Multiplication
Seed-plot and Care
Harvesting
Productions
Bibliography
Harvesting is done during dry weather, in order
to avoid a change of colour toward black of
vegetal matter, when it is dried.
The superior part of the plant is harvested
before flowering. In the first year only a
single trimming process is allowed in August.
In the second year two trimmings are done,
one in May-June and the other in September.
Medical herbs and aromatic plants
Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis)
Etymology
Origin and description of the plant
The plants are dried in a dryer with a
temperature of 35°C, or in a fresh and dried
shed, at the shade, avoiding leaves' becoming
black.
Edaphic requirements
Multiplication
Seed-plot and Care
Harvesting
Packaging is done using opaque, impermeable
and non-plastic packs.
Productions
Bibliography
Medical herbs and aromatic plants
Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis)
In the first year there is a small amount of
plants, perhaps 3-4 tons of fresh pants / ha.
Etymology
Origin and description of the plant
Edaphic requirements
Multiplication
Seed-plot and Care
Harvesting
Productions
Bibliography
In the second year, 8-12 tons of fresh plants
are obtained.
During drying the plant loses 75 to 80% of its
weight, which corresponds to 1 ton of dried
plants / ha in the first year and 5-7 tons of
dried plants / ha after the second year.
The distillation
30
kg
of
corresponds to
0.10% in dried
of flowered plants ensures 25essential
oils/ha/year,
this
0.12-0.15% in fresh plants or
leaves.
Medical herbs and aromatic plants
Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis)
Bibliography
Etymology
Origin and description of the plant
Edaphic requirements
Multiplication
Seed-plot and Care
Harvesting
Productions
Bibliography
-Box, M. M. (1973). Cultivo de plantas medicinales. Publicaciones de extesion
agraria, Ministerio de Agricultura, Madrid. 490 pp. ISBN: 84-341-0444-X.
-Bustamante, F. M. L. (1993). Plantas medicinales y armáticas. Estúdio, cultivo y
procesado. Ediciones Mundiprensa, Madrid. 365 pp
-Cantwell M. (2001). Caracteristicas y Condiciones Recomendadas para el
Almacenamiento por Tiempo Largo de Frutas y Hortalizas Frescas. 8pp.
-Cermeño, Z. S. (1988). Prontuario del horticultor. Litexa Editora. DL:
21326/88. 408pp
-Charles, J. S. K. 1995. Effect of intercropping antagonistic crops against
nematodes in banana. Annals of Plant Protection Sciences 3(2): 185-187.
-Cunha, A. P.; Silva, A. P.; Roque, O. R. (2003). Plantas e Produtos Vegetais em
Fitoterapia. Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, Lisboa, pp. 701. ISBN: 972-31-10105.
-Ferreira, J. C.; Strech, A.; Ribeiro, J. R.; Soeiro, A.; Contrim, G. (1998). Manual
de Agricultura Biológica, Fertilização e protecção das plantas para uma
agricultura sustentável. AGROBIO. 431 pp.
-Gardé A.; Gardé, N. (1988). Culturas Hortícolas. Bova colecção Técnica Agrária,
Clássica Editora, 469pp.
-Indrio, F. (1995). Agricultura Biológica. Colecção Euroagro, Publicações Europa
América 4, 2ª edição. 128pp.
Medical herbs and aromatic plants
Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis)
Etymology
Origin and description of the plant
Edaphic requirements
Multiplication
Seed-plot and Care
Harvesting
-Maroto, J. V. (1995). Horticultura Herbacea Especial. Ediciones Mundi-Prensa,
Madrid, 611 pp.
-Panizza, S. (1998). Plantas que curam (cheiro de mato). 18ª edição IBRASA, São
Paulo.
-Sakai, Z. (2001). Guia ecológico das plantas aromáticas e medicinais. Tilgráfica,
S. A. 221 pg.
-Thorez, J. P. (1997). Guia de Agricultura Biológica Hortas e Pomares. Livros de
vida, editores, Lda. 235 pp.
-Volák, J. e Stola, J. (1990). Plantas Medicinais. Editorial Inquérito Portugal 319
pp.
Productions
Bibliography
Medical herbs and aromatic plants