Transcript Medical herbs and aromatic plants

Peppermint (Mentha piperita)
Mintha was the name given to a nymph, that
Etymology
Origin and description of the plant
Edaphic requirements
was
in
love
with
Zeus,
and
who
was
transformed to a plant by Persephone.
Multiplication
Seed-plot and Care
Harvesting
Productions
Bibliography
Its specific name comes from the Latin word
piper, which means pepper, because of its
peppery taste.
Medical herbs and aromatic plants
Peppermint (Mentha piperita)
Etymology
Origin and description of the plant
Edaphic requirements
Peppermint comes from Europe and Northern
Africa; it was discovered in the 17th century
in Mitcham (London). It is cultivated in
Occidental and Southern Europe and also in the
United States.
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Seed-plot and Care
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Peppermint belongs to Labiatae family and it is
a very complex genre, not only by its diversity,
but also because of its properties.
It is a vivacious herbaceous plant, with roots
and stolons. Its stem is green with lilac
tonalities, it also is hairy and branchy and it
can measure 1 m height.
Medical herbs and aromatic plants
Peppermint (Mentha piperita)
It has petiolated and hastate leaves, which are
dark green outside and violet inside.
Etymology
Origin and description of the plant
Edaphic requirements
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It has salient nervures with secretor glands
that segregate a more abounding essence than
the other parts of the plant.
Seed-plot and Care
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The top of the leaves is also violet because of
anthocyanins.
Stem and its ramifications have two sets of 10
or 12 flowers each one, forming false verticils,
arranged in a single ear, which weights
approximately 15 cm.
Medical herbs and aromatic plants
Peppermint (Mentha piperita)
Etymology
Origin and description of the plant
The flower presents a pink or purple colour,
with a tubulus thalamus, with five hairy teeth
in its extremity; its funnelled corolla has in its
interior 4 equal stamens 2 to 2.
Edaphic requirements
Multiplication
The used parts are dried leaves and flowers.
Seed-plot and Care
Harvesting
Productions
Bibliography
Medical herbs and aromatic plants
Peppermint (Mentha piperita)
Etymology
Origin and description of the plant
Edaphic requirements
Multiplication
Seed-plot and Care
Harvesting
Productions
Bibliography
Peppermint can be produced till 1500 m
altitude, at 1000 m altitude, production
reaches its maximum.
This plant develops in a large range of soils,
but it rather prefers light, sandy and clayish
or chalky soils, which are fertile, deep and
well-drained.
If the soil is clayish, compact and dry, the
development of the plant is not so good and its
essence production will decrease.
Medical herbs and aromatic plants
Peppermint (Mentha piperita)
Etymology
Origin and description of the plant
Edaphic requirements
Multiplication
Lowlands are not recommended to this crop
too, mainly during the winter because the
water is not drained.
The pH should vary between 6-7. Poor and
compact soils should be avoided.
Seed-plot and Care
Harvesting
Productions
Bibliography
It has a good development
climates, with high radiation.
in
tempered
If there are strong and hot winds in a certain
region, windbreaks should be planted to
decrease damages by wind.
Medical herbs and aromatic plants
Peppermint (Mentha piperita)
Etymology
Origin and description of the plant
Edaphic requirements
Multiplication
They reproduce themselves exclusively in the
vegetative form, which can be done with
stolons and plants division.
The best time of sowing them is during rainy
periods.
Seed-plot and Care
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Bibliography
Stolon: vigorous plants can be divided.
Normally 1 ha of peppermint allows sufficient
stolons to 3-10 ha.
Plants: should take advantage the culture of
the previous year and wait that new buds come
out from the plant, and when they have 8 or
10 cm height they can be removed.
Medical herbs and aromatic plants
Peppermint (Mentha piperita)
Etymology
Origin and description of the plant
Edaphic requirements
In soil management is necessary to plough
deeply (30-40 cm), in order to ensure a good
drainage in the root system of the plant.
Then, the soil must be harrowed.
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The soil levelling must be considered to avoid
water accumulation.
Spacing between cultivars' rows may vary
among 60-80 cm, concerning the agricultural
tools to manage the plants.
The plants should have a distance of 25 or 30
cm within the rows.
Medical herbs and aromatic plants
Peppermint (Mentha piperita)
Etymology
Origin and description of the plant
Edaphic requirements
Multiplication
Seed-plot and Care
Harvesting
Peppermint requires few treatment techniques,
but manual pruning can be done in order to
remove weeds.
Peppermint needs a huge amount of water
during its growing, in dry weather, and after
the first trimming.
Productions
Bibliography
Medical herbs and aromatic plants
Peppermint (Mentha piperita)
Etymology
Origin and description of the plant
Edaphic requirements
Multiplication
Seed-plot and Care
Harvesting
Productions
Bibliography
Table - Peppermint principal pests and diseases. Its symptoms,
recommended treatments. (Adp. Bustamante, 1993 and Ferreira et al.,
1998)
Medical herbs and aromatic plants
Peppermint (Mentha piperita)
Etymology
Origin and description of the plant
Edaphic requirements
Multiplication
Harvesting can be done different ways,
depending if we want to obtain dried plants or
if we want to obtain essential oils. In the first
case, two annual trimmings are possible, before
flowering or in its beginnings (end of June,
beginning of July, and in September).
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When we want to obtain essential oils a single
annual trim is made in the middle of July or in
August, during the period of intensive
flowering, when menthol intensity reaches is
peak.
Medical herbs and aromatic plants
Peppermint (Mentha piperita)
Etymology
Origin and description of the plant
Edaphic requirements
Multiplication
It's necessary to bear in mind the area of the
land, if this one is small then it should be
waited till the plenty flowering of the plant,
but, on the other hand, if it is bigger,
trimming should be done in order to finish
harvesting during the plant's plenty flowering.
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Harvesting
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Harvesting is done on shiny days, avoiding
cloudy or windy ones, with some probability of
occurring rain.
Medical herbs and aromatic plants
Peppermint (Mentha piperita)
Etymology
Origin and description of the plant
Its production varies between 7 to 10 ton per
of flowers, during the first trimming and 4-6
ton, after the second one, so a total
production of 12 to 16 ton/ha can be achieved.
Edaphic requirements
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Desiccation loss is about 75 % which reduces
the production to 3-4 t/ha when the plant is
dried.
The entire dried mint has 60 % stems, 40 %
leaves, that obtains an production of dried
leaves of 1,2 to 1,6 t/ha.
The production of essential oils is 1-2,5% over
the dried plant.
Medical herbs and aromatic plants
Peppermint (Mentha piperita)
Bibliography
Etymology
Origin and description of the plant
Edaphic requirements
Multiplication
Seed-plot and Care
Harvesting
Productions
Bibliography
-Box, M. M. (1973). Cultivo de plantas medicinales. Publicaciones de extesion
agraria, Ministerio de Agricultura, Madrid. 490 pp. ISBN: 84-341-0444-X.
-Bustamante, F. M. L. (1993). Plantas medicinales y armáticas. Estúdio, cultivo y
procesado. Ediciones Mundiprensa, Madrid. 365 pp
-Cantwell M. (2001). Caracteristicas y Condiciones Recomendadas para el
Almacenamiento por Tiempo Largo de Frutas y Hortalizas Frescas. 8pp.
-Cermeño, Z. S. (1988). Prontuario del horticultor. Litexa Editora. DL:
21326/88. 408pp
-Charles, J. S. K. 1995. Effect of intercropping antagonistic crops against
nematodes in banana. Annals of Plant Protection Sciences 3(2): 185-187.
-Cunha, A. P.; Silva, A. P.; Roque, O. R. (2003). Plantas e Produtos Vegetais em
Fitoterapia. Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, Lisboa, pp. 701. ISBN: 972-31-10105.
-Ferreira, J. C.; Strech, A.; Ribeiro, J. R.; Soeiro, A.; Contrim, G. (1998). Manual
de Agricultura Biológica, Fertilização e protecção das plantas para uma
agricultura sustentável. AGROBIO. 431 pp.
-Gardé A.; Gardé, N. (1988). Culturas Hortícolas. Bova colecção Técnica Agrária,
Clássica Editora, 469pp.
-Indrio, F. (1995). Agricultura Biológica. Colecção Euroagro, Publicações Europa
América 4, 2ª edição. 128pp.
Medical herbs and aromatic plants
Peppermint (Mentha piperita)
Etymology
Origin and description of the plant
Edaphic requirements
Multiplication
Seed-plot and Care
Harvesting
-Maroto, J. V. (1995). Horticultura Herbacea Especial. Ediciones Mundi-Prensa,
Madrid, 611 pp.
-Panizza, S. (1998). Plantas que curam (cheiro de mato). 18ª edição IBRASA, São
Paulo.
-Sakai, Z. (2001). Guia ecológico das plantas aromáticas e medicinais. Tilgráfica,
S. A. 221 pg.
-Thorez, J. P. (1997). Guia de Agricultura Biológica Hortas e Pomares. Livros de
vida, editores, Lda. 235 pp.
-Volák, J. e Stola, J. (1990). Plantas Medicinais. Editorial Inquérito Portugal 319
pp.
Productions
Bibliography
Medical herbs and aromatic plants