Transcript Medical herbs and aromatic plants

Camomile (Matricaria chamomilla)
Matricaria comes from the Latin name matrix,
Etymology
Origin and description of the plant
uterus, because this plant is considered excellent to
this organ.
Edaphic requirements
Multiplication
Seed-plot and Care
Harvesting
Productions
Bibliography
Chamomilla
has
its
origin
in
the
Greek
word
chamaimelon, which means little apple from land,
due to its shape and its bud aroma.
Medical herbs and aromatic plants
Camomile (Matricaria chamomilla)
Camomile comes from the Southern Europe and
Occidental Asia.
Etymology
Origin and description of the plant
Edaphic requirements
Multiplication
Seed-plot and Care
It is an annual herbaceous and aromatic plant,
with a straight stem, 20-50 cm height, with
several
ramifications
and
without
much
resistance.
Harvesting
Productions
Bibliography
Medical herbs and aromatic plants
Camomile (Matricaria chamomilla)
Leaves are alternated, straight and divided in
numerous segments.
Etymology
Origin and description of the plant
Edaphic requirements
Multiplication:
Seed-plot and Care
Harvesting
Productions
Bibliography
The flower buds constitute a group of flowers
so straighten that they seem a single flower.
The
central
ones
are
yellow
and
hermaphrodites and those at the periphery are
white and femals.
The fruit is an achene, smallish, greenish and
straight.
In camomile, the parts which are used are the
flower buds.
Medical herbs and aromatic plants
Camomile (Matricaria chamomilla)
Etymology
Origin and description of the plant
Edaphic requirements
Multiplication
Seed-plot and Care
Harvesting
Productions
Bibliography
Camomile has a good development in temperate
climates, cold tempered and humid, resisting to
strong frost-rimes storms.
lt's a plant that doesn't require a very rich
soil, but it rather prefers sandy and chalky
soils, rich in organic matter, fertile, fresh,
well drained, light and with a good exposure to
sunlight.
The suitable pH is between 7 and 8.
Medical herbs and aromatic plants
Camomile (Matricaria chamomilla)
It reproduces itself through seeds.
Etymology
Origin and description of the plant
Edaphic requirements
Multiplication
1000 seeds weight 0.142g, with a maximum
germination percentage of 72 %, at light, in 28
days and alternating temperatures between 20
and 30°C.
Seed-plot and Care
Harvesting
Productions
Bibliography
Medical herbs and aromatic plants
Camomile (Matricaria chamomilla)
The necessary seed rate is 7-8 kg/ha.
Etymology
Origin and description of the plant
Edaphic requirements
Multiplication
Seed-plot and Care
It is done in rows with 50 cm spacing. March is
the perfect time to sow this crop.
During spring and summer time irragation is
required 2 or 3 times.
Harvesting
Productions
Bibliography
If there is some kind of problem with weeds,
manual pruning can be done after trimming.
Thus, grasses can be left on the soil mulching
or used for composting.
Medical herbs and aromatic plants
Camomile (Matricaria chamomilla)
Etymology
Origin and description of the plant
Edaphic requirements
During autumn, small brownish rounded spots
may appear on leaves, caused, by Alternaria,
but at this time they are not dangerous for
the crop. Fusarium, fungus responsible for grey
rot may also cause the death of the plant.
Multiplication
Seed-plot and Care
Harvesting
Productions
Bibliography
In camomile's cultivar there are several insects
responsible for the damage of the plant, such
as aphids plant louses and chrysanthemum's
flies.
In the table below, it is possible to analyse the
common diseases and pests in camomile
cultivar, as well as their treatment.
Medical herbs and aromatic plants
Camomile (Matricaria chamomilla)
Etymology
Origin and description of the plant
Edaphic requirements
Multiplication
Seed-plot and Care
Harvesting
Productions
Bibliography
Table 1 - Pests and diseases in Camomile. Recommended treatments.
(Adp. Ferreira et al., 1998)
Medical herbs and aromatic plants
Camomile (Matricaria chamomilla)
Etymology
Origin and description of the plant
Edaphic requirements
Multiplication
Seed-plot and Care
Harvesting
Productions
Bibliography
A very common method used in organic farming
is to sow some plants, which the insects prefer
most near the plant we want to protect.
Thus, they will concentrate on it, allowing us
their manual removal and it also distracts them
from the main plantation Odours are an
important factor in this phenomenon of
association-dissociation,
so,
that's
why
aromatic plants are quite effective in their
relation with insects.
Medical herbs and aromatic plants
Camomile (Matricaria chamomilla)
Those plants keep them away, ensuring the
health of seeds and pollination.
Etymology
Origin and description of the plant
Edaphic requirements
In organic farming, it is common to
aromatic grasses around every seed plot.
sow
Multiplication
Seed-plot and Care
Harvesting
Productions
Bibliography
Camomile is a good association crop to
cabbages and onions, because it increases their
taste and growth.
Medical herbs and aromatic plants
Camomile (Matricaria chamomilla)
It is done by hand during the middle of June,
with a wire curved toothed comb.
Etymology
Origin and description of the plant
Edaphic requirements
Multiplication
Seed-plot and Care
Nowadays there are small agricultural machines
that can do a good job on cutting and selecting
the crops, but it is necessary that the flowers
have a homogenous height in the soil.
Harvesting
Productions
Bibliography
Then, capitula are dried in thin layers, in the
shade, in a fresh place, or in dryers, with a
maximum temperature of 35°C.
Medical herbs and aromatic plants
Camomile (Matricaria chamomilla)
In the production of camomile, it can be
obtained 800-2000 kg/ha dried flowers.
Etymology
Origin and description of the plant
Edaphic requirements
Each 100 kg of fresh flowers correspond to 22
kg of dried flowers.
Multiplication
Seed-plot and Care
Harvesting
Productions
Bibliography
Medical herbs and aromatic plants
Camomile (Matricaria chamomilla)
Bibliography
Etymology
Origin and description of the plant
Edaphic requirements
Multiplication
Seed-plot and Care
Harvesting
Productions
Bibliography
-Box, M. M. (1973). Cultivo de plantas medicinales. Publicaciones de extesion
agraria, Ministerio de Agricultura, Madrid. 490 pp. ISBN: 84-341-0444-X.
-Bustamante, F. M. L. (1993). Plantas medicinales y armáticas. Estúdio, cultivo y
procesado. Ediciones Mundiprensa, Madrid. 365 pp
-Cantwell M. (2001). Caracteristicas y Condiciones Recomendadas para el
Almacenamiento por Tiempo Largo de Frutas y Hortalizas Frescas. 8pp.
-Cermeño, Z. S. (1988). Prontuario del horticultor. Litexa Editora. DL:
21326/88. 408pp
-Charles, J. S. K. 1995. Effect of intercropping antagonistic crops against
nematodes in banana. Annals of Plant Protection Sciences 3(2): 185-187.
-Cunha, A. P.; Silva, A. P.; Roque, O. R. (2003). Plantas e Produtos Vegetais em
Fitoterapia. Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, Lisboa, pp. 701. ISBN: 972-31-10105.
-Ferreira, J. C.; Strech, A.; Ribeiro, J. R.; Soeiro, A.; Contrim, G. (1998). Manual
de Agricultura Biológica, Fertilização e protecção das plantas para uma
agricultura sustentável. AGROBIO. 431 pp.
-Gardé A.; Gardé, N. (1988). Culturas Hortícolas. Bova colecção Técnica Agrária,
Clássica Editora, 469pp.
-Indrio, F. (1995). Agricultura Biológica. Colecção Euroagro, Publicações Europa
América 4, 2ª edição. 128pp.
Medical herbs and aromatic plants
Camomile (Matricaria chamomilla)
Etymology
Origin and description of the plant
Edaphic requirements
Multiplication
Seed-plot and Care
Harvesting
-Maroto, J. V. (1995). Horticultura Herbacea Especial. Ediciones Mundi-Prensa,
Madrid, 611 pp.
-Panizza, S. (1998). Plantas que curam (cheiro de mato). 18ª edição IBRASA, São
Paulo.
-Sakai, Z. (2001). Guia ecológico das plantas aromáticas e medicinais. Tilgráfica,
S. A. 221 pg.
-Thorez, J. P. (1997). Guia de Agricultura Biológica Hortas e Pomares. Livros de
vida, editores, Lda. 235 pp.
-Volák, J. e Stola, J. (1990). Plantas Medicinais. Editorial Inquérito Portugal 319
pp.
Productions
Bibliography
Medical herbs and aromatic plants