Transcript Anatomy of the Gastrointestinal System (con`t)

Medical Language
Second Edition
CHAPTER
3
Gastroenterology
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
All rights reserved.
Learning Objectives
1. Identify the structures of the
gastrointestinal system.
2. Describe the process of digestion.
3. Describe common gastrointestinal
diseases and conditions, laboratory and
diagnostic procedures, medical and
surgical procedures, and drug
categories.
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Learning Objectives
4. Give the medical meaning of word parts
related to the gastrointestinal system.
5. Build gastrointestinal words from word
parts and divide and define
gastrointestinal words.
6. Spell and pronounce gastrointestinal
words.
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Learning Objectives
7. Analyze the medical content and
meaning of a gastroenterology report.
8. Dive deeper into gastroenterology by
reviewing the activities at the end of this
chapter and online at Medical
Terminology Interactive.
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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Multimedia Directory
Slide 10
Slide 68
Slide 74
Slide 80
Slide 114
Slide 116
Slide 126
Slide 180
Digestive System Animation
Digestive System Animation
GERD Video
Appendicitis Animation
Ultrasound Video
MRI Video
Sigmoidscopy Video
Medical Assisting Video
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Gastroenterology
• The medical specialty that studies the
anatomy and physiology of the
gastrointestinal system and uses
diagnostic tests, medical and surgical
procedures, and drugs to treat
gastrointestinal diseases.
Medical Language, Second Edition
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Anatomy and Physiology
• Gastrointestinal System
– Begins at the mouth, continues through the
thoracic cavity, and fills most of the abdominal
cavity
– Upper gastrointestinal system includes the
structures from the mouth through the
stomach
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Anatomy and Physiology (con’t)
• Gastrointestinal System
– Lower gastrointestinal system includes the
small and large intestines
– Purpose is to digest food, absorb nutrients,
and remove undigested material (waste) from
the body
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Figure 3-1 Gastrointestinal system
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Digestive System Animation
Click on the screenshot to view an animation showing a tour of the digestive system.
The animation may take a few seconds to start playing.
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Anatomy of the Gastrointestinal
System
• Oral Cavity and Pharynx
– Begins in the mouth, or oral cavity
– Oral cavity contains the teeth; tongue; hard
palate; and soft palate with its fleshy, hanging
uvula.
– Receptors on the tongue perceive taste and
send this information to the gustatory cortex in
the brain.
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Anatomy of the Gastrointestinal
System (con't)
• Oral Cavity and Pharynx (con’t)
– Lined with mucosa, a mucous membrane that
produces thin mucus.
– The sight, smell, and taste of food cause the
salivary glands to release saliva into the
mouth; this moistens foods as they are
chewed and swallowed.
– Saliva also contains an enzyme that begins
the process of digestion.
Medical Language, Second Edition
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Anatomy of the Gastrointestinal
System (con't)
• Oral Cavity and Pharynx (con’t)
– There are three pairs of salivary glands: the
parotid glands, the sublingual glands, and the
submandibular glands.
– The teeth tear, chew, and grind the food
during the process of mastication.
– The tongue moves food toward the teeth and
mixes food with saliva.
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Anatomy of the Gastrointestinal
System (con't)
• Oral Cavity and Pharynx (con’t)
– Swallowing or deglutition moves food into the
throat or pharynx.
– When food is swallowed, the epiglottis closes
the entrance to the larynx, so that food in the
back of the throat, pressing on the uvula,
does not initiate the gag reflex.
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Figure 3-2 Oral cavity and pharynx
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Figure 3-3 Salivary glands
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Anatomy of the Gastrointestinal
System (con't)
• Esophagus
– A flexible, muscular tube that connects the
pharynx to the stomach.
– Lined with mucosa that produces mucus.
– By coordinated contractions of its wall—the
process of peristalsis—food moves toward the
stomach.
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Anatomy of the Gastrointestinal
System (con't)
• Stomach
– A large, elongated sac in the upper abdominal
cavity that receives food from the esophagus.
– Divided into four areas: the cardia, fundus,
body, and pylorus.
– The gastric mucosa is arranged in thick, deep
folds known as rugae which expand as the
stomach fills with food.
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Anatomy of the Gastrointestinal
System (con't)
• Stomach (con’t)
– The mucosa produces mucus that protects
the lining of the stomach from the acid the
stomach produces.
– Two sphincters (muscular rings) keep food in
the stomach.
– The lower esophageal sphincter is located in
the distal esophagus.
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Anatomy of the Gastrointestinal
System (con't)
• Stomach (con’t)
– The pyloric sphincter is located in the distal
end of the stomach.
– Chyme is a semisolid mixture of partially
digested food, saliva, and digestive juices in
the stomach.
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Figure 3-4 Stomach
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Anatomy of the Gastrointestinal
System (con't)
• Small Intestine
– The small intestine is a long, hollow tube that
receives chyme from the stomach.
– It is divided into three parts: the duodenum,
jejunum, and ileum.
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Figure 3-5 Small and large intestines
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Anatomy of the Gastrointestinal
System (con't)
• Large Intestine
– A larger, hollow tube that receives undigested
material and water from the small intestine.
– Consists of the cecum, colon, rectum, and
anus.
– The walls contain haustra (puckered pouches)
that can greatly expand, as needed.
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Anatomy of the Gastrointestinal
System (con't)
• Large Intestine (con’t)
– Waves of peristalsis slowly move undigested
material through the large intestine as water is
absorbed through the intestinal wall and into
the blood.
– The colon is the longest part.
– It travels through all four quadrants of the
abdomen as the ascending colon, transverse
colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon.
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Anatomy of the Gastrointestinal
System (con't)
• Large Intestine (con’t)
– The sigmoid colon bends toward the midline
in an S-shaped curve that joins the rectum.
– The rectum is a short, straight segment that
connects to the outside of the body.
– The anus, the external opening of the rectum,
is located between the buttocks.
– The anal sphincter is a muscular ring whose
opening and closing is under conscious,
voluntary control.
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Anatomy of the Gastrointestinal
System (con't)
• Abdomen and Abdominopelvic Cavity
– Contains the largest organs of the
gastrointestinal system.
– The walls of the abdominopelvic cavity are
lined by peritoneum, a membrane that
secretes peritoneal fluid.
– This watery fluid fills the spaces between the
organs and allows them to slide past each
other during the movements of digestion.
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Anatomy of the Gastrointestinal
System (con't)
• Abdomen and Abdominopelvic Cavity
(con’t)
– The peritoneum extends into the center of the
abdominopelvic cavity as the omentum.
– The omentum supports the stomach and
hangs down as a fatty apron to cover and
protect the small intestine.
– The peritoneum also extends as the
mesentery, a thick, fan-shaped sheet that
supports the jejunum and ileum.
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Anatomy of the Gastrointestinal
System (con't)
• The blood supply to the stomach, small
intestine, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas
comes from the celiac trunk of the aorta,
the largest artery in the body.
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Anatomy of the Gastrointestinal
System (con't)
• Liver
– The liver is the largest solid organ in the body,
located in the upper right abdominal cavity.
– An accessory organ of digestion that
contributes to, but is not physically involved
in, the process of digestion.
– Liver cells (hepatocytes) continuously
produce bile, a yellow-green, bitter-tasting,
thick fluid.
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Anatomy of the Gastrointestinal
System (con't)
• Liver (con’t)
– Bile produced by the liver flows through the
hepatic ducts, through the common hepatic
duct, and then into either the cystic duct to the
gallbladder or the common bile duct.
– All of the ducts that carry bile are collectively
known as the biliary tree.
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Figure 3-6 Biliary tree
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Anatomy of the Gastrointestinal
System (con't)
• Gallbladder
– An accessory organ of digestion posterior to
the liver.
– Concentrates and stores bile from the liver.
– The presence of fatty chyme in the duodenum
causes the gallbladder to contract, sending
bile into the common bile duct and duodenum
to digest fats.
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Anatomy of the Gastrointestinal
System (con't)
• Pancreas
– An accessory organ of digestion posterior to
the stomach.
– Presence of food in the duodenum causes the
pancreas to secrete digestive enzymes into
the pancreatic duct to the duodenum.
– Also functions as an organ of the endocrine
system.
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Classroom Response System
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The gag reflex is initiated by food
touching the:
•
•
•
•
Soft palate
Mouth
Uvula
Lips
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Susan Turley
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The gag reflex is initiated by food
touching the:
•
•
•
•
Soft palate
Mouth
Uvula
Lips
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The word deglutition refers to:
•
•
•
•
Chewing, grinding, and tearing food
Swallowing food
Contractions of the esophagus
Partially undigested food
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The word deglutition refers to:
•
•
•
•
Chewing, grinding, and tearing food
Swallowing food
Contractions of the esophagus
Partially undigested food
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The purpose of the villi in the
small intestine is:
•
•
•
•
To move digested food along the tube
To make digestive juices
To absorb digested food and water
All of the above
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The purpose of the villi in the
small intestine is:
•
•
•
•
To move digested food along the tube
To make digestive juices
To absorb digested food and water
All of the above
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The large intestine includes:
•
•
•
•
The cecum, ileum, colon, and rectum
The cecum, colon, rectum, and anus
The duodenum, rectum, and anus
None of the above
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The large intestine includes:
•
•
•
•
The cecum, ileum, colon, and rectum
The cecum, colon, rectum, and anus
The duodenum, rectum, and anus
None of the above
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Is the liver physically involved in
the process of digestion?
• Yes
• No
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Is the liver physically involved in
the process of digestion?
• Yes
• No
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Sugar in milk is broken down in the
small intestine by the enzyme:
•
•
•
•
Amylase
Protease
Lipase
Lactase
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Sugar in milk is broken down in the
small intestine by the enzyme:
•
•
•
•
Amylase
Protease
Lipase
Lactase
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The process of elimination is
called:
•
•
•
•
Feces
Defecation
Meconium
Chyme
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The process of elimination is
called:
•
•
•
•
Feces
Defecation
Meconium
Chyme
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Peristalsis occurs in all of the following
gastrointestinal structures and organs
EXCEPT the:
•
•
•
•
Stomach
Small intestine
Colon
Oral cavity
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Peristalsis occurs in all of the following
gastrointestinal structures and organs
EXCEPT the:
•
•
•
•
Stomach
Small intestine
Colon
Oral cavity
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The word cardia refers to the:
•
•
•
•
Heart
Pharynx
Salivary glands
Stomach
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The word cardia refers to the:
•
•
•
•
Heart
Pharynx
Salivary glands
Stomach
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Vermiform means:
•
•
•
•
Pink
Small
Wormlike
All of the above
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Vermiform means:
•
•
•
•
Pink
Small
Wormlike
All of the above
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The internal open area within the
intestine is known as the:
•
•
•
•
Lumen
Villi
Perineum
Sphincter
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The internal open area within the
intestine is known as the:
•
•
•
•
Lumen
Villi
Perineum
Sphincter
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Physiology of Digestion
• There are two parts to digestion:
– Mechanical
– Chemical
• Mechanical digestion uses mastication,
deglutition, and peristalsis to break down
foods.
• Mechanical digestion also involves
breaking apart fats in the duodenum.
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Physiology of Digestion (con't)
• Fatty chyme stimulates the duodenum to
secrete the hormone cholecystokinin,
which stimulates the gallbladder to
contract and release bile.
• Bile breaks apart large globules of fat
during the process of emulsification.
• Chemical digestion uses enzymes and
acid to break down foods.
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Physiology of Digestion (con't)
• The enzyme amylase in saliva begins to
break down carbohydrate foods in the
mouth.
• The stomach secretes the following
substances that continue the process of
chemical digestion:
– Hydrochloric acid
– Pepsinogen
– Gastrin
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Physiology of Digestion (con't)
• The stomach secretes a substance known
as intrinsic factor, which helps vitamin B12
be absorbed from the intestine into the
blood.
• When the stomach does not produce
enough intrinsic factor, vitamin B12 is not
absorbed.
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Physiology of Digestion (con't)
• Chemical digestion is completed in the
small intestine.
• Cholecystokinin stimulates the pancreas to
secrete four digestive enzymes into the
duodenum:
– Amylase
– Lipase
– Other enzymes that break down proteins
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Physiology of Digestion (con't)
• The villi of the small intestine produce the
digestive enzymes such as lactase to
break down sugars.
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Physiology of Digestion (con't)
• Absorption of nutrients and water through
the intestinal wall into the blood takes
place mainly in the duodenum and
jejunum.
• Absorption of water continues in the large
intestine.
• Absorbed nutrients are carried by blood in
the portal vein to the liver.
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Physiology of Digestion (con't)
• The liver plays an important role in
regulating nutrients such as glucose and
amino acids.
• Excess glucose in the blood is stored in
the liver as glycogen and released when
the blood glucose level is low.
• The liver uses amino acids to build plasma
proteins and clotting factors for the blood.
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Physiology of Digestion (con't)
• Elimination occurs when undigested
materials and water are eliminated from
the body in a solid waste form of feces or
stool.
• The process of elimination is a bowel
movement or defecation.
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Figure 3-7 Gastrointestinal system.
(Robert W. Ginn/PhotoEdit Inc.)
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Digestive System Animation
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Diseases and Conditions
• Eating
– Anorexia
– Dysphagia
– Polyphagia
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Diseases and Conditions (con't)
• Mouth and Lips
– Cheilitis
– Sialolithiasis
– Stomatitis
– Glossitis
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Figure 3-8 Glossitis
(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC])
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Diseases and Conditions (con't)
• Esophagus and Stomach
– Dyspepsia
– Esophageal varices
– Gastritis
– Gastroenteritis
– Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
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Figure 3-9 Esophageal varix
(David M. Martin, M.D./Photo Researchers, Inc.)
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GERD Video
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Diseases and Conditions (con't)
• Esophagus and Stomach (con't)
– Heartburn
– Hematemesis
– Nausea and vomiting (N&V)
– Peptic ulcer disease (PUD)
– Stomach cancer
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Figure 3-10 Gastric ulcer
(David M. Martin, M.D./Photo Researchers, Inc.)
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Diseases and Conditions (con't)
• Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum
– Ileus
– Intussusception
– Volvulus
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Figure 3-11 Intussusception of the intestine
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Diseases and Conditions (con't)
• Cecum and Colon
– Appendicitis
– Colic
– Colon cancer
– Diverticulum
– Dysentery
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Appendicitis Animation
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Figure 3-12 Diverticula
(David M. Martin, M.D./Photo Researchers, Inc.)
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Figure 3-13 Diverticulitis and polyposis
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Diseases and Conditions (con't)
• Cecum and Colon (con’t)
– Gluten enteropathy
– Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
– Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
– Polyp
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Figure 3-14 Crohn’s disease
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Figure 3-15 Colonic polyps
(Staats/Custom Medical Stock Photo, Inc.)
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Diseases and Conditions (con't)
• Rectum and Anus
– Hemorrhoids
– Proctitis
– Rectocele
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Diseases and Conditions (con't)
• Defecation and Feces
– Constipation
– Diarrhea
– Flatulence
– Hematochezia
– Incontinence
– Steatorrhea
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Diseases and Conditions (con't)
• Abdominal Wall and Abdominal Cavity
– Adhesions
– Hernia
– Peritonitis
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Figure 3-16 Hernia
(From Rudolph, A.M., Hoffman, J.I.E., & Rudolph, C.D. (Eds.) 1991. Rudolph’s Pediatrics.
(19th ed., p. 1040))
Medical Language, Second Edition
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Figure 3-17 Peritonitis
(Custom Medical Stock Photo, Inc.)
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Diseases and Conditions (con't)
• Liver
– Ascites
– Cirrhosis
– Hepatitis
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Figure 3-18 Fatty liver disease and cirrhosis of the liver
(Arthur Glauberman/Photo Researchers, Inc.)
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Diseases and Conditions (con't)
• Hepatitis is the most common chronic liver
disease.
– Hepatitis A
– Hepatitis B
– Hepatitis C
– Hepatitis D
– Hepatitis E
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Diseases and Conditions (con't)
• Hepatitis A is an acute but short-lived
infection caused by exposure to water or
food that is contaminated with feces from
a person who is infected with the hepatitis
A virus (HAV).
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Diseases and Conditions (con't)
• Hepatitis B is an acute infection caused by
exposure to the blood of a person who is
already infected with the hepatitis B virus
(HBV); it is also known as serum hepatitis.
• It is also spread during sexual activity by
contact with saliva and vaginal secretions.
• An infected mother can pass hepatitis B to
her fetus before birth or when
breastfeeding.
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Figure 3-19 Blood transfusion
(PhotoDisc/Getty Images)
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Diseases and Conditions (con't)
• Hepatitis C is an acute infection caused by
exposure to the blood of a person who is
already infected with the hepatitis C virus
(HCV).
• Hepatitis C is not readily transmitted by
sexual activity or from a mother to her
fetus.
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Diseases and Conditions (con't)
• Chronic hepatitis C is the main cause of
chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and liver
cancer.
• Hepatitis D is a secondary infection
caused by a mutated (changed) hepatitis
virus.
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Diseases and Conditions (con't)
• Hepatitis D only develops in patients who
already have hepatitis B; it is also known
as delta hepatitis.
• Hepatitis E is similar to hepatitis A but
rarely occurs in the United States.
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Diseases and Conditions (con't)
• Hepatomegaly
• Jaundice
• Liver Cancer
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Figure 3-20 Jaundice
(Dr. M.A. Ansary/Photo Researchers, Inc.)
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Figure 3-21 Liver cancer
(Gca/Photo Researchers, Inc.)
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Diseases and Conditions (con't)
• Gallbladder and Bile Ducts
– Cholangitis
– Cholecystitis
– Cholelithiasis
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Figure 3-22 Cholelithiasis
(Custom Medical Stock Photo, Inc.)
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Figure 3-23 Gallstones in the biliary and pancreatic ducts
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Diseases and Conditions (con't)
• Pancreas
– Pancreatic cancer
– Pancreatitis
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Laboratory and Diagnostic
Procedures
• Blood Tests
– Albumin
– Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
– ALT and AST
– Bilirubin
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Laboratory and Diagnostic
Procedures (con't)
• Blood Tests (con’t)
– GGT
– Liver function tests (LFTs)
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Laboratory and Diagnostic
Procedures (con't)
• Gastric and Feces Specimen Tests
– CLO test
– Culture and sensitivity (C&S)
– Fecal occult blood test
– Gastric analysis
– Ova and parasites (O&P)
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Laboratory and Diagnostic
Procedures (con't)
• Radiologic Procedures
– Barium enema
– Cholangiography
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Susan Turley
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Figure 3-24 Barium enema
(Custom Medical Stock Photo, Inc.)
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Figure 3-25 Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Laboratory and Diagnostic
Procedures (con't)
• Radiologic Procedures (con’t)
– Computerized axial tomography (CAT, CT
scan)
– Flat plate of the abdomen
– Gallbladder ultrasound
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Ultrasound Video
Click on the screenshot to view a video on the topic of ultrasounds.
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Laboratory and Diagnostic
Procedures (con't)
• Radiologic Procedures (con’t)
– Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan
– Oral cholecystography (OCG)
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MRI Video
Click on the screenshot to view a video on the topic of MRI.
The video may take a moment before playing.
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Laboratory and Diagnostic
Procedures (con't)
• Radiologic Procedures (con’t)
– Upper gastrointestinal series (UGI)
Medical Language, Second Edition
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Medical and Surgical Procedures
• Medical Procedures
– Insertion of nasogastric tube
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Figure 3-26 Nasogastric tube
(Pearson Education/PH College)
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Medical and Surgical Procedures
(con't)
• Surgical Procedures
– Abdominocentesis
– Appendectomy
– Biopsy
– Bowel resection and anastomosis
– Cholecystectomy
– Choledocholithotomy
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Figure 3-27 Laparoscopic cholecystectomy
(Geoff Tompkinson/Photo Researchers, Inc.)
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Medical and Surgical Procedures
(con't)
• Surgical Procedures (con’t)
– Colostomy
– Endoscopy
– Exploratory laparotomy
Medical Language, Second Edition
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Figure 3-28 Colostomy and stoma
(Pearson Education/PH College)
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Medical and Surgical Procedures
(con't)
• Endoscopic Procedures
– Esophagoscopy
– Gastroscopy
– Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)
– Sigmoidoscopy
– Colonoscopy
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Figure 3-29 Colonoscopy
(BSIP/Phototake NYC)
Medical Language, Second Edition
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Sigmoidoscopy Video
Click on the screenshot to view a video on the topic of sigmoidoscopy.
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Medical and Surgical Procedures
(con't)
• Surgical Procedures (con’t)
– Gastrectomy
– Gastroplasty
– Gastrostomy
– Hemorrhoidectomy
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Figure 3-30 PEG tube
Medical Language, Second Edition
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Medical and Surgical Procedures
(con't)
• Surgical Procedures (con’t)
– Herniorrhaphy
– Jejunostomy
– Liver transplantation
– Polypectomy
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Classroom Response System
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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An upper GI series is also known
as a/an:
•
•
•
•
Colostomy
Esophagoscopy
Hemoccult test
Barium swallow
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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An upper GI series is also known
as a/an:
•
•
•
•
Colostomy
Esophagoscopy
Hemoccult test
Barium swallow
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Which abbreviation is a test for
parasites in the stool?
•
•
•
•
O&P
LFT
UGI
N&V
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Which abbreviation is a test for
parasites in the stool?
•
•
•
•
O&P
LFT
UGI
N&V
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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An exploratory laparotomy
makes an incision in the:
•
•
•
•
Stomach
Mouth
Abdominal wall
Colon
Medical Language, Second Edition
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An exploratory laparotomy
makes an incision in the:
•
•
•
•
Stomach
Mouth
Abdominal wall
Colon
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Which one of these surgeries is used to create a
permanent opening in the abdomen in order to feed
a patient through a feeding tube?
•
•
•
•
Cholecystectomy
Gastrostomy
Gastrectomy
Colonoscopy
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Which one of these surgeries is used to create a
permanent opening in the abdomen in order to feed
a patient through a feeding tube?
•
•
•
•
Cholecystectomy
Gastrostomy
Gastrectomy
Colonoscopy
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Which of the following correctly separates the
medical word colonoscopy into its component
word parts?
• Prefix col/o-, combining form noscop/o-,
suffix -y
• Prefix colon/o-, suffix -scopy
• Combining form col/o-, suffix -noscopy
• Combining form colon/o-, suffix -scopy
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Which of the following correctly separates the
medical word colonoscopy into its component
word parts?
• Prefix col/o-, combining form noscop/o-,
suffix -y
• Prefix colon/o-, suffix -scopy
• Combining form col/o-, suffix -noscopy
• Combining form colon/o-, suffix -scopy
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Which is the medical word for a
surgically created opening?
•
•
•
•
Stomach
Cavity
Stomatitis
Stoma
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Which is the medical word for a
surgically created opening?
•
•
•
•
Stomach
Cavity
Stomatitis
Stoma
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Gastroenteritis is an
inflammation of the:
•
•
•
•
Liver and gallbladder
Stomach and duodenum
Pharynx and esophagus
Stomach and intestines
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Gastroenteritis is an
inflammation of the:
•
•
•
•
Liver and gallbladder
Stomach and duodenum
Pharynx and esophagus
Stomach and intestines
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Ascites is a disease of the:
•
•
•
•
Stomach
Intestines
Liver
Mouth
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Ascites is a disease of the:
•
•
•
•
Stomach
Intestines
Liver
Mouth
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Vomiting blood is known as:
•
•
•
•
Emesis
GERD
Anorexia
Hematemesis
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Vomiting blood is known as:
•
•
•
•
Emesis
GERD
Anorexia
Hematemesis
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Passing dark or black blood
through the rectum is known as:
•
•
•
•
Incontinence
Diarrhea
Melena
GERD
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Passing dark or black blood
through the rectum is known as:
•
•
•
•
Incontinence
Diarrhea
Melena
GERD
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Hepatitis is an inflammation of
the:
•
•
•
•
Colon
Liver
Gallbladder
Rectum
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Hepatitis is an inflammation of
the:
•
•
•
•
Colon
Liver
Gallbladder
Rectum
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Which word is misspelled?
• Hepatosplenomegaly (enlargement of the
liver and spleen)
• Choledocholithiasis (condition of a stone
in the common bile duct)
• Cirrosis (chronic liver degeneration)
• Jaundice (yellow discoloration of the skin
from liver disease)
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Which word is misspelled?
• Hepatosplenomegaly (enlargement of the
liver and spleen)
• Choledocholithiasis (condition of stones in
the gallbladder)
• Cirrosis (chronic liver degeneration)
• Jaundice (yellow discoloration of the skin
from liver disease)
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Difficult or painful eating is
known as dysphagia.
• True
• False
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Difficult or painful eating is
known as dysphagia.
• True
• False
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Dysphagia is the medical word
for indigestion.
• True
• False
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Dysphagia is the medical word
for indigestion.
• True
• False
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Emesis is another word for
vomiting.
• True
• False
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Emesis is another word for
vomiting.
• True
• False
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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The word glossal refers to:
•
•
•
•
The tongue
The stomach
The salivary glands
All of the above
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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The term glossal refers to:
•
•
•
•
The tongue
The stomach
The salivary glands
All of the above
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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The combining form sial/omeans:
•
•
•
•
Saliva
Eating
Mouth
Stomach
Medical Language, Second Edition
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The combining form sial/omeans:
•
•
•
•
Saliva
Eating
Mouth
Stomach
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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The combining form hepat/omeans:
•
•
•
•
Liver
Stomach
Intestines
Rectum
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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The combining form hepat/omeans:
•
•
•
•
Liver
Stomach
Intestines
Rectum
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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All of these combining forms
mean abdomen EXCEPT:
•
•
•
•
Enter/oCeli/oAbdomin/oLapar/o-
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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All of these combining forms
mean abdomen EXCEPT:
•
•
•
•
Enter/oCeli/oAbdomin/oLapar/o-
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Which of the following suffixes
means enzyme?
•
•
•
•
-tion
-ac
-ive
-ase
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Which of the following suffixes
means enzyme?
•
•
•
•
-tion
-ac
-ive
-ase
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Both gloss/o- and lingu/o- mean
mouth.
• True
• False
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Both gloss/o- and lingu/o- mean
mouth.
• True
• False
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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The combining form cholecyst/omeans:
•
•
•
•
Bile ducts
Liver
Gallbladder
Intestine
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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The combining form cholecyst/omeans:
•
•
•
•
Bile ducts
Liver
Gallbladder
Intestine
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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The combining form hepat/omeans:
•
•
•
•
Liver
Stomach
Intestines
Rectum
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
Copyright ©2011 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458
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The combining form hepat/omeans:
•
•
•
•
Liver
Stomach
Intestines
Rectum
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Drug Categories
• These categories of drugs are used to
treat gastrointestinal diseases and
conditions:
– Antacid drugs
– Antibiotic drugs
– Antidiarrheal drugs
– Antiemetic drugs
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Drug Categories (con’t)
• These categories of drugs are used to
treat gastrointestinal diseases and
conditions:
– H2 blocker drugs
– Laxative drugs
– Proton pump inhibitor drugs
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Abbreviations
Medical Language, Second Edition
Susan Turley
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Medical Assisting Video
Click on the screenshot to view a video on the topic of careers in medical assisting.
Medical Language, Second Edition
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