Transcript Document

Your molars are most useful for _____.
a. crushing and grinding a tough pizza
b. shredding meat off a bone
c. nipping the end of a carrot
d. none of the above
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Which of the following is a function of
mesenteries?
a. Mesenteries stabilize the organs of the
abdominal cavity.
b. Mesenteries provide a route for blood
vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels to
and from the digestive tract.
c. Mesenteries prevent the intestines from
becoming tangled with changes in body
position.
d. All of the above are correct.
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What is occurring when the soft palate and
larynx elevate and the glottis closes?
a. swallowing
b. hiccupping
c. speaking
d. coughing
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What is the primary source of flatus emitted
from the intestines?
a. indole and skatole, two nitrogencontaining compounds
b. ammonia in the form of ammonium ions
c. indigestible carbohydrates acted on by
bacteria
d. breakdown products of bilirubin
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Which age-related changes in the digestive
system are the results of decreased smooth
muscle tone?
a. weaker peristaltic contractions and
decrease in motility
b. thinning of epithelia of the mouth,
esophagus, and anus
c. presence of hemorrhoids and esophageal
reflux
d. both A and C
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The four major layers of the GI tract are
______.
a. mucosa, digestive epithelium, lamina
propria, and muscularis mucosa
b. mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa,
and serosa
c. submucosa, submucosal plexus,
myenteric plexus, and serosa
d. none of the above
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Which type of epithelium lines the intestines, and
why?
a. simple squamous epithelium; because the
absorption of nutrients occurs here
b. stratified squamous epithelium; because this
area is subjected to abrasion
c. stratified cuboidal epithelium with cilia;
because this area has many secretions from
glands
d. simple columnar epithelium; because this
area is involved with the absorption of
nutrients
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Which structures comprise a hepatic triad?
a. branches of the hepatic portal vein and
hepatic artery, and a branch of the bile
duct
b. branches of the cystic duct, common bile
duct, and common hepatic duct
c. the superior mesenteric and splenic veins
d. none of the above
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The major histological differences between
the large intestine and small intestine are that
the large intestine ______.
a. lacks villi, has abundant goblet cells, and
has deeper intestinal glands
b. has longer villi, more microvilli, and plicae
c. has a larger nutrient absorptive surface
d. produces more enzymes and hormones
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How do most chylomicrons enter the
lymphatic system?
a. through the left and right subclavian veins
b. through lacteals
c. through the thoracic duct
d. through the hepatic portal system
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Where in the human body will chemical
digestion begin?
a. in the oral cavity
b. in the esophagus
c. in the stomach
d. none of the above
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In which region(s) of the digestive tract does
mechanical processing occur?
a. in the mouth, by teeth and the tongue
b. in the stomach, by churning
c. in the small intestine, by segmentation
d. all of the above
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What is unusual about the muscularis externa
of the esophagus?
a. It contains skeletal muscle along the
superior one-third of its length.
b. It is surrounded by serosa.
c. It contains a combination of smooth
muscle and skeletal muscle along the
superior one-third of its length.
d. It contains nerves.
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How do the regional specializations of the
small intestine change along its length?
a. The duodenum has small villi and
numerous mucous glands.
b. The jejunum has numerous villi for
absorption.
c. The ileum contains aggregated lymphoid
nodules.
d. All of the above are correct.
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Where are the motor neurons that control
smooth muscle contraction and glandular
secretions of the GI tract located?
a. in the hypothalamus
b. in the submucosal plexus
c. in the myenteric plexus
d. in the muscularis mucosa
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Which of the enzymes below would digest a
particular carbohydrate into glucose and
fructose?
a. lactase
b. maltase
c. sucrase
d. nuclease
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The liver has more than 200 critical functions.
Which of the following is NOTa liver function?
a. carbohydrate, lipid, and amino acid
metabolism
b. vitamin and mineral storage
c. secretion of CCK, storage and
concentration of bile
d. removal of antibodies, circulating
hormones, and toxins
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How do the roles of pepsinogen and HCI
interact in the stomach?
a. They both digest chyme.
b. HCI is necessary to prevent pepsinogen
from digesting proteins.
c. They both kill microorganisms.
d. HCI is necessary for the conversion of
pepsinogen to pepsin.
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What effect(s) does the secretion of CCK
have on a fatty meal’s entrance to the
duodenum?
a. speeds up gastric emptying
b. reduces rate and force of gastric
contractions
c. inhibits secretion of gastric acids and
enzymes, slowing gastric emptying
d. increases secretion of gastrin and
decreases bile secretion
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What effect does secretion of secretin by
enteroendocrine cells of the duodenum have
on the pancreas?
a. It stimulates the secretion of glucagon.
b. It stimulates production of pancreatic
buffers that protect the duodenum.
c. It stimulates the secretion of insulin.
d. It promotes production and secretion of
pancreatic enzymes.
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Why is diarrhea potentially life threatening,
but constipation is not?
a. Wastes not eliminated as feces will be
eliminated through urine.
b. Constipation affects only gastric motility.
c. Constipation causes edema.
d. Diarrhea causes rapid water and
electrolyte loss.
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When a person suffers from chronic gastric
ulcers, the branches of the vagus nerve
serving the stomach are sometimes surgically
severed. This is because the vagus nerve:
a. carries gastric pain sensations to the
brain stem.
b. stimulates gastric motility through the
parasympathetic division.
c. stimulates gastric secretions through the
parasympathetic division.
d. causes ulcers due to overstimulation of
the sympathetic nervous system.
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Which disorder increases the rate at which
fluids move into the peritoneal cavity? What
condition results from excess fluids in the
peritoneal cavity?
a. liver disease; ascites
b. gastric ulcers; internal bleeding
c. diarrhea; dehydration
d. Crohn’s disease; malabsorption
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Which statement below is true with regard to
gastric activity in the digestive system?
a. Overstimulation of the sympathetic
division of the ANS can inhibit the
cephalic phase and lead to stomach
upset.
b. Caffeine and alcohol, when used as part
of a meal, will inhibit gastric activity.
c. Emotional states have no effect on gastric
activity.
d. All of the above are correct.
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Which of the following statements correctly
states the absorption of an ion/vitamin?
a. Ca2+ absorption is inhibited by calcitriol.
b. Vitamin B12 absorption occurs when it
binds to extrinsic factor.
c. Fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed from
micelles along with dietary lipids.
d. Aldosterone is a hormone that stimulates
the absorption of K+.
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How does taking fat-soluble vitamins on an
empty stomach affect the absorption of those
vitamins?
a. The vitamins are not absorbed, because
they require presence of other lipids.
b. Having an empty stomach enhances
absorption.
c. A different metabolic pathway is used when
you have an empty stomach.
d. None of the above is correct.
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.