Transcript Skeletal System

Body Systems
Skeletal System (p. 850)
function – to protect and support
axial – skull, rib cage, vertebral column
appendicular –pectoral & pelvic girdles, arms, legs
206 bones in human body
cranium scapula
coccyx
carpals
maxilla
sternum
humerus
femur
mandible rib cage
metacarpals
radius
clavicle
vertebral column (vertebrae) ulna
pelvis
sacrum
phalanges
tibia
patella
fibula
metatarsals
tarsals
Muscular System (p. 856)
function – move skeleton & contract organs
parts:
masseter (in cheek)
sternocleidomastoid (in neck)
trapezius (back)
pectoralis major (chest)
biceps (upper arm)
triceps (upper arm –underneath)
external oblique – (sides)
rectus abdominus – (abdominals)
Muscular System
gluteus maximus – (buttocks)
rectus femoris – (thigh)
vastus lateralis – (outer side of thigh)
sartorius – (diagonal across thigh)
gastrocnemius –(calf)
deltoid – (shoulder)
Muscle tissue types:
1) cardiac – heart muscle
2) skeletal – on bones
3) smooth (visceral) – covers organs
Digestive System (p. 906)
function – to take in, break down, & absorb
nutrients & eliminate solid waste
digestive tract* (alimentary canal, GI tract)
pathway:
mouth* - takes in food; begins chemical &
physical digestion
salivary glands – secrete saliva
pharynx* - where food is swallowed
esophagus* - transports food to stomach
cardiac sphincter
Digestive System
stomach* - stores & grinds food into chyme ( a
soupy mix)
pyloric sphincter
small intestine* - (duodenum, jejunum, ileum) –
absorbs nutrients
villi – lining of small intestine; create more
surface area
liver – produces bile
gall bladder – stores bile
pancreas – secretes digestive enzymes
Digestive System
large intestine* – (colon) – reabsorbs water
rectum* - last part of colon
anus* - releases waste
bolus – ball of food created by
chewing/mixing with saliva
peristalsis – involuntary rhythmic contractions
of digestive tract
Respiratory system (p. 885)
function – exchange gases (take in O2 & release
CO2 & excess water)
parts:
mouth/nose – take in air
pharynx
trachea – transport air to/from lungs
epiglottis – covers trachea when swallowing
bronchi – branches of trachea (same function)
bronchioles – branches of bronchi (same function)
alveoli – gas exchange
diaphragm – causes lungs to expand/contract