Transcript Document

SYMBIOSIS
• What is symbiosis?
• What are the different kinds of
symbiosis?
• Examples
What is symbiosis?
Literal definition:
the act of living together
What it means:
•Two organisms that live together
•Temporarily or for a longer time
•At least one of the organisms
benefits from the relationship
PREDATION
• Organism that captures, kills and eats
another ( prey)
Adaptations:
sense of smell.eyesight
web of spiders
heat sensitive pit ofrattlesnakes
Sharp teeth
Tiger stripes
Speed
climbing
Adaptations of Prey
•
•
•
•
•
Ability to flee quickly
Hiding- camouflage
Resembles other organisms
Colorations
Spines, thorns, foul odor
Mimicry-harmless species looks/acts like
harmful one
Movie Examples
• Example 1 9 minutes
• Osprey hunting fish
Physical adaptations
are body structures that allow an
animal to find and consume food,
defend itself, and to reproduce its
species.
Physical adaptations
help an animal survive in
its environment.
© A. Weinberg
Physical adaptation
Camouflage (use of color in a surrounding)
The chameleon can change its color to match its
surroundings. Can you do that?
Physical adaptation
Mimicry
(looking or sounding like another living organism)
The Viceroy butterfly uses mimicry to look like the
Monarch butterfly. Can you tell them apart?
I’m the
Viceroy!
Not poisonous
Poisonous
I’m the
Monarch!
Herbivore eats plants
• Plant Adaptations:
Plant defense: Thorns, spines, sticky
hares
Chemical defense-poison, irritating
needles, bad taste
Medical use: morphine, atropine, codeine,
What are the different kinds
of symbiosis?
Mutualism
Commensalism
Parasitism
both
organisms
benefit
one
organism
benefits
one
organism is
unaffected
one
organism
benefits
one
organism is
harmed
Parasitism
• One benefits the other one harmed
•
•
•
•
Parasites in the stomach
Wasps and aphids
Largest tapeworm:
The largest ever recorded in a human
being was, I believe, 20 m (about 66
feet
Example 1:
Acacia plant with ant galls
Ants lay
eggs on
acacia tree
Acacia
covers the
infected
area with
brown flesh
Parasitism: one
(gall)
benefits, one is harmed
Example 6:
Taenia worm in human eye
Worm
infects
human
blood
stream
Human
may go
blind Parasitism: one benefits,
one is harmed
Kinds of Parasites:
• Ectoparasites: external parasite- tick, flea, lice
leech, lamprey, mosquito
• Endoparasite: bacteria, protists, tapeworms
• Host Defense against a parasite:
– Skin, tears, saliva, mucus, immune system
– Adaptations: hooks, suckers, etc.
C. Competition
• 1. competitive exclusion
• 2. character displacement
• 3. resource partitioning
D. Mutualism
• Ex’s
• Protozoan and termites
• Plants and bees
• Aphids and ants
• More…
Example 2:
Moray Eel with
Cleaner Fish
Moray Eel gets a
clean mouth
Cleaner Fish gets
a meal
Mutualism: both
benefit
Example 5:
Antelope with Oxbird
Antelope
gets rid
of
parasites
Oxbird
gets a
meal
Mutualism: both benefit
E. Commensalism
• Ex’s
• Ex 2
• EX:
• Spanish moss in trees
Example 3:
Cattle with cattle egrets
Cattle stir
up insects
as they eat
grass
Egrets
hang
around and
eat insects
Commensalism: one benefits,
one is unaffected
Example 4:
Clown fish with anemone
Clown fish
gets
protection
Anemone is
unaffected
Commensalism: one benefits,
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