Transcript Symbiosis PPT

Symbiosis
TEACHER COPY
What is Symbiosis?
•Relationship where two
organisms live closely
together
–Have evolved over many
generations to develop
their relationship
3 Types of Symbiosis
1.Mutualism
2.Parasitism
3.Commensalism
One organism is always benefitting!
• + = organism benefitting
• O = organism not harmed
(does not benefit nor is it
harmed)
• - = organism harmed
1. Mutualism (+ / +)
• Mutual = both/equal
• Relationship where
both organisms benefit
from the interaction
• Example:
–Humans & bacteria
Mutualism (+ / +)
•
Example:
– Humans & bacteria
• Bacteria live in our guts.
They receive a safe
environment with plenty
of food.
• The bacteria break down
food for us that we
cannot digest normally.
Mutualism (+ / +)
• Example:
– Clownfish & anemones
– Anemones have toxins built in which
paralyze fish that swim by. The
clownfish lures fish to the anemone
and increases water circulation to the
anemone.
– The clownfish receives leftover food
particles from the anemone and a
safe place to hide from predators.
They have a mucus coat & are
immune to the toxins.
Nemo
Mutualism
Moray Eel (2-3 min)
•Moray Eels &
Cleaner
fish/shrimp
2. Commensalism (+ / o)
• Relationship where
one organism benefits
and the other does
not benefit nor is it
harmed
2. Commensalism (+ / o)
• Example:
– Sharks & remora fish
– Sharks swim around, eating
other fish. They don’t mind
or notice the remoras.
– Remoras swim close to or
attach to sharks to eat the
food scraps the shark leaves
behind.
Remoras
2. Commensalism (+ / o)
• Example:
– Shrimp & Sea cucumber
– Shrimp ride on the sea
cucumbers which allows
them to eat more food from
the bottom of the ocean.
– The sea cucumbers are not
harmed and do gain
anything from it.
Video
3. Parasitism (+ / -)
• Relationship where one
organism benefits and the
other is harmed
• Parasite = organism
benefitting
• Host = organism harmed
3. Parasitism (+ / -)
Zombie Ants
• Parasites can live inside of or on
their host
• Ideally, they do not want to kill
their host (they would lose their
food/protection).
• Host often weakened by parasite 
vulnerable to predators.
3. Parasitism (+ / -)
• Example:
– Botflies & other organisms
– Botflies hijack a mosquito
and insert their eggs into
mosquitoes. The mosquitoes
insert the larvae into the
host.
– Botflies eat the host’s flesh
for nourishment.
Botfly
3. Parasitism (+ / -)
• Example:
– Mistletoe & other plants
– Mistletoe grows on other
plants and steals water &
nourishment from the host
plant.
– Host cannot grow as large
and can die from a large
infestation.
3. Parasitism (+ / -)
• Example:
– Loa Loa Worm & Humans
– Infected mango flies bite
hosts and transmit the worm.
The worm migrates through
the subcutaneous tissue
(easily visible on the eye) &
has a safe home.
– Humans can go blind as a
result.
How do we identify which type of
symbiosis the relationship displays…?
•Identify the two organisms involved.
•Write down what each of them are
receiving/giving in the relationship.
•Determine which one is benefitting
and if the other organism is also
benefitting, is harmed or is not
affected.
Check for Understanding
Which type of symbiosis results
in one organism being harmed?
PARASITISM
Check for Understanding
Which type of symbiosis results
in both organisms benefitting?
MUTUALISM
Check for Understanding
Which type of symbiosis results in
an organism who is neither harmed
nor is benefitted?
COMMENSALISM
Check for Understanding
Which type of symbiosis results in
an organism who is benefitting from
the relationship?
ALL THREE (mutualism,
commensalism, parasitism)
Check for Understanding
What type of symbiosis is this? _____________________
A. The
ants lay eggs on acacia tree so they get a
nice safe place for their eggs. The acacia covers
the infected area with brown flesh (called a
gall.) The plant has to use valuable resources to
create the gall.
Check for Understanding
What type of symbiosis is this? _____________________
B. The
Boxer Crab carries a pair of stinging
anemones in its claws, which it uses to
defend itself from predators. The
anemones get to move around which
increases their food supply.
Check for Understanding
What type of symbiosis is this?
_____________________
C. This
moray eel has a small fish
cleaning between its teeth. The
eel gets a clean mouth while
the cleaner fish gets a nice
meal.
Check for Understanding
What type of symbiosis is this?
_____________________
D. As
cattle walk around eating
grass they stir up lots of
insects. The egrets (birds) hang
around and get a yummy meal
of insects.
Check for Understanding
What type of symbiosis is this?
_____________________
E. Ticks
attach to an animal and
suck its blood for nourishment.
The animal loses blood.
Check for Understanding
What type of symbiosis is this?
_____________________
F. Barnacles
attach to whales and
filter the water passing by as
the whale swims for food. The
whale doesn’t notice barnacles
nor is it harmed.
Check for Understanding
How are predation & parasitism
different and yet similar?
Check for Understanding
Different:
Parasites do not always kill host. Predators do.
Parasites live in/on hosts. Predators do not.
Similar: Both benefit by harming others.