Transcript Symbiosis
Symbiosis “living together” • Symbiosis Video • http://video.nationalgeographic.com/vid eo/player/kids/animals-pets-kids/fishkids/fish-symbiosis-kids.html Symbiosis Symbiosis - two or more species live in a close, long term relationship. Predator- Prey Relationships A relationship in which one organism kills another for food is called a predator-prey relationship. The organism that does the hunting is the predator. The organism that is hunted is the prey. Mutualism Mutualism - both species benefit. Sea turtles accumulate algae on their backs while traveling long distances. Fish eat the algae on the turtle’s back, while the turtle gets his shell cleaned. •How do the turtles benefit? •How do the fish benefit? Parasitism Parasitism - one organism feeds on another, but usually doesn't kill the other organism because it needs the host to live. Ex.) The Hornworm is covered with cocoons of wasps that slowly eat all of the insides of the hornworm. Commensalism Commensalism - one species benefits, other is unaffected. Ex.) Cattle egrets live near cows so they can easily find food. Insects that are disturbed by the cows’ grazing can be eaten by the cattle egrets. The cows are not affected by the relationship. Competition • Two or more organisms try to use the same resource. Practice – Beechdrops (Epifagus virginiana) are leafless plants that lack chlorophyll. Beechdrops get their nourishment from the roots of beech trees, which reduces the amount of nutrients available to the trees themselves. This interaction is best described as — A predatory B parasitic C commensalistic D mutualistic Practice – • Hornbills are birds that always stay close to monkeys in the Congo region of Africa. When the monkeys climb trees they knock moths, beetles, and other insects to the ground for the Hornbills to feast on. The monkeys are not affected by the hornbills at all. What type of symbiosis does this represent? Why? Southern Rufous woodpecker and Black Tree ants • Normally asocial creatures, these ants are generous when it comes to the Southern Rufous woodpecker, which may be found in India and Sri Lanka. For reasons still a mystery, these ants allow the woodpecker to lay eggs in a hole beside their nests. The ants do not seem to benefit from this relationship. Warm-Up 1. This relationship is an example of — A predation B parasitism C mutualism D commensalism 2. When two organisms interact with one another and one organism benefits, but the other is slowly harmed, it is called— A predation B parasitism C mutualism D commensalism What’s the key idea? • Niche: Total way of life or role of a species in an ecosystem. • Habitat: Place or type of place where an organism or population of organisms lives. Examples • Habitat: • • • • • Prairie Bayou Bay Tree Soil • Niche: • Trophic level • Symbiotic relationships