Transcript 22-3 interactions among living things notes

Interactions Among Living
Things
Chapter 22-3
Adapting to the Environment
• Every organism has a variety of
adaptations that are suited to its
specific living conditions.
• An organism’s particular role,
or how it makes its living is
called its niche.
• A niche includes the type of
food the organism eats, how it
obtains this food, and which
other species use the organism
as food.
• There are 3 major types of
interactions: competition,
predation, and symbiosis
Competition
• Competition is the struggle
between organisms to survive in a
habitat with limited resources.
• By “specializing” or finding their
own places to feed, organisms
reduce competition, and can
coexist.
Predation
• An interaction in which one
organism kills and eats another
organism
• Predators have adaptations that
help them catch and kill their
prey (a shark’s powerful jaws)
• Prey organisms have
adaptations that help them
avoid being caught and eaten
(camouflage, mimicry,
protective coverings)
Symbiosis
• A close relationship between two
species that benefits at least one of
the species
• 3 types of symbiosis:
*mutualism-both species benefit
*commensalism-one species
benefits and the other is neither
helped nor harmed
*Parasitism-one species is
helped and the other is harmed