Transcript CH # 1E
CHAPTER 1E • Interactions of Living Things Everything is Connected….. • ALL Living things are connected somehow • Ecology – the study of how they are connected 2 Parts of an Environment….. • Biotic – Living parts (other organisms) • Abiotic – Non-living parts (air, water, space, man-made objects) Organization in the Environment • Population – made up of a group of organisms of the same species living in the same area • Community – made up of all the populations living in the same area • Ecosystems – made up of a community and the ABIOTIC factors in that community • Biosphere – Part of the Earth where life exists Living Things Need Energy….. • Producers – Organisms that use sunlight to make their own food (photosynthesis) • Consumer – An organism that eats another organism 3 Types….. • Herbivore – eats only plants (grasshoppers, prairie dogs, and bison) • Carnivore – eats only meat (coyotes, hawks, badgers, owls) • Omnivores – eats both plants and meat (grasshopper mouse) • Scavengers are omnivores that eat dead plants and dead animals (turkey vulture) Decomposers….. • Organisms that get their energy by eating dead organisms (bacteria and fungus) Food Chains and Food Webs • Food chain – shows how energy flows from one organism to another • Food Web – diagram that shows the feeding relationships between organisms Energy Pyramid • A diagram that shows an ecosystems loss of energy Balance in an Ecosystem • Gray Wolves……GOOD or BAD ? Types of Interactions….. • Limiting Factors – controls the size of a population in a given Ecosystem. – – – – Food Water Air space • Carrying Capacity – The largest population that an environment can hold. Interactions Between Organisms • 1. Competition • 2. Predator and Prey • 3. Symbiosis • 4. Coevolution Competition • When two or more organisms try to use the same resource – Food – Water – Space Predator and Prey • Predator – eats prey • Prey – gets eaten Symbiosis • Two species live together in a long-term relationship • Both benefit • One benefit and one unaffected • One benefit and one harmed (die) • Mutualism – Both organisms benefit • Commensalism – One organism benefits and one is unaffected • Parasitism – One organism benefits and one is harmed Coevolution • Relationships that change over time so both organism can survive. • Ant and Acacia tree