Transcript Chapter 12 Notes Interactions of Living Things

Chapter 16 Notes
Interactions of
Living Things
16.1 Notes
Everything is Connected
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ecology – the study of the interactions
between organisms and their environment
An environment has two parts:
1.
2.
biotic – living organisms
abiotic – nonliving, the physical factors that
affect living organisms such as water, soil,
light, & temperature
16.1 Notes
Everything is Connected
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6 levels of environmental organization:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
individual – a single living thing
population – two or more organisms of the same species
that live together in the same area at the same time
community – two or more populations of different species
that live and interact in an area
ecosystem – two or more populations in their abiotic
environment (water, soil, light, temperature)
biome – the climate affects the plant community which
affects the animal community (rainforest, desert)
biosphere – the part of the Earth where life exists
16.2 Notes
Living Things Need Energy
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3 types of consumers:
1.
2.
3.
herbivore – a consumer that eats only
plants (koala)
carnivore – a consumer that eats only
animals (lion)
omnivore – a consumer that eats both
plants and animals (humans/bears)
16.2 Notes
Living Things Need Energy
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A food chain includes:
1.
2.
3.
4.
producer – plants that use energy in
sunlight to make food (plant)
consumer – animals that eat plants and/or
other animals (animal)
scavenger – animals that eat the dead body
of another animal (vulture, hyena, fox)
decomposer – an organism that gets energy
from the remains of an animal and absorbs
the nutrients (bacteria)
16.2 Notes
Living Things Need Energy
primary consumer – first consumer to eat the
energy from the plant (cow)
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cow eats grass
herbivore
secondary consumer – second consumer to eat
the energy (lion)
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lion eats the cow
carnivore
tertiary consumer – third consumer to eat the
energy
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vulture eats what’s left of the cow
scavenger
16.2 Notes
Living Things Need Energy
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food chain – a chain of energy in food
molecules that flows from one organism to
the next
food web – many food chains connected
that makes energy flow from one organism
to the next
energy pyramid – a diagram that shows
the loss of energy at each higher level
16.2 Notes
Living Things Need Energy
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habitat – an environment where an
organism lives
niche – an organisms way of life in its
habitat
Questions
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How do animals get energy?
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Eating (consuming food)
Pandas and koalas eat plants. What do
pandas and koalas have in common?
(vocab word)
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They are both herbivores
Questions
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What are the 4 abiotic factors in an
environment?
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Water, soil, light, temperature
If the amount of producers went down,
what would happen to the amount of
carnivores?
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Go down also
16.3 Notes
Types of Interactions
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limiting factor – one or more resources
become scarce (food/water)
carrying capacity – the largest population
that an environment can handle
competition – two or more organisms or
populations try to use the same limited
resources such as food, water, shelter,
space, or sunlight
16.3 Notes
Types of Interactions
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prey – animal that gets hunted (hunted)
predator – animal that hunts other animals
(hunter)
coevolution – two or more species have
adapted to each other
16.3 Notes
Types of Interactions
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symbiosis – a close long term association
between two or more species
3 types of symbiotic relationships:
1.
2.
3.
mutualism – a symbiotic relationship which both
animals benefit (coral & algae)
commensalism – a symbiotic relationship which one
animal benefits and the other is unaffected (shark &
remora)
parasitism – a symbiotic relationship which one animal
benefits and the other is harmed (dog & tick)
16.3 Notes
Types of Interactions
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parasite – an organism benefiting by
harming another organism (tick)
host – an organism being harmed by a
parasite (dog)
Questions
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True/False Insects and rabbits play the
same role in different food chains.
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True because both are herbivores
Which would cause the most destruction of
a food chain?
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Killing the producer
Questions
Write for each animal below if they are a
herbivore or a carnivore:
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Panda – herbivore
Grizzly bear - carnivore
Koala - herbivore
Bullfrog - carnivore
Kangaroo - herbivore
Bison - herbivore
Cow - herbivore
Cougar - carnivore