Transcript Final Exam Review Part B

Final Exam Review
Part B
What is Chargaff’s rule?
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A. amounts of A=T and C=G
B. amounts of A=C and G=T
C. amounts of A=G and C=T
D. amounts of A, T, C, and G are equal
• ANSWER: A
What amino acids do these form?
• AUG CCG UAC CCC UAG
• Methionine - proline - tyrosine - proline- STOP
Where is the sugar? The phosphate?
The nitrogenous bases?
Where is the sugar? The phosphate?
The nitrogenous bases?
• Phosphate
• Sugar
• Nitrogenous base
What do you call the 3 bases of:
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DNA - mRNA - tRNA
• ANSWER: triplet - codon - anticodon
Identify the parts of protein
synthesis:
ANSWERS
Transcription = DNA
–mRNA (in nucleus)
Translation=
mRNA –tRNA
(at ribosome)
What is the mutation?
• ORIGINAL DNA: AAA AUG CCC CUA
• MUTATION:
AAA GUA CCC CUA
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A. insertion
B. deletion
C. translocation (between 2 diff. chrom.)
D. inversion (flipped on one chrom.)
ANSWER: inversion
Which mutations will be inherited?
• A. from both somatic and sex cells
• B. from only sex cells
• C. from only somatic cells
• ANSWER: B
What do you call the circular DNA
in bacteria?
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A. rRNA
B. chloroplast
C. nucleolus
D. plasmid
• ANSWER: D
If you place recombinant DNA into
an organism, it is called:
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A, genomic
B. eugenic
C. transgender
D. Transgenic
• ANSWER: D
What are the single-stranded parts
of a plasmid called?
• STICKY ENDS
What
is
this?
Recombinant DNA = inserted DNA
from a different organism + plasmid
What
is
this?
What would be the DNA bases to
join these single strands?
• ATTC C G
• TAA G G C G C TA
• ANSWER: A T T C C G C G A T
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TAA G G C G C TA
Which mutations will be inherited?
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A. those from the sex cells of the parents
B. those from the skin cells of the parents
C. those from any cell of the parents
D. those only from the mother
• ANSWER: A
What do you call this rabbit?
• Alba has a gene called luciferase in it from
a firefly. It is now…
• A. translucent
B. transgenic
• C. genomic
• D. eugenic
• ANSWER: B
What process separates DNA
according to size and charge?
• A. PCR
• B. gel
electrophoresis
• C. cloning
• D. probing
Which is the father?
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• ANSWER: gel
electrophoresis
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M=mother, Fern
C=child
F1=Ross
F2=Rick
What is the definition of evolution?
• A. change in frequency of alleles over time
• B. process in which an organism becomes
extinct
• C. reproductive isolation of members of
certain species
• D. replacement of one community by
another
• ANSWER: A
Scientific age of the Earth
• A. 60,000 years old
• B. 4.5 million years old
• C. 4.5 billion years old
• ANSWER: C
• Also: Age of living things 3.5 billion years
Define homologous structures:
• A. same structures, same functions, same
origins
• B. same structures, different functions,
same origins
• C. different structures, same functions,
same origins
• D. different structures, same functions,
different origins
• ANSWER: B
Inherited traits that help an
organism to survive and reproduce
in a particular environment is
called:
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A. adaptations
B. mutations
C. petrification
D. evolution
ANSWER: A
If you have a large number of
differences of amino acids in a
protein found in two different
species suggest that:
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A. they evolved in similar environments
B. they are closely related
C. they are distantly related to one another
D. they are the same species
ANSWER: C
What are preserved remnants or
impressions of the evidence of life?
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A. chromosomes
B. traits
C. homologous chromosomes
D. fossils
• ANSWER: D
When an allele controlling a trait
has HIGH fitness its frequency in
the population should:
• A. decrease
• B. increase
• C. remain the same
• ANSWER: B
Which is NOT a condition of the
Hardy Weinberg?
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A. no migration in or out
B. equal reproduction of all organisms
C. random mating
D. high rates of mutation
• ANSWER: D
• Also large population and no natural
selection
When fertile individuals move in or
out of a population and reduce
genetic differences between these
populations is called:
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A. gene flow
B. microevolution
C. bottleneck effect
D. founder effect
• ANSWER: A
Natural Selection works on an
organism’s:
• A. genotype
• B. phenotype
• ANSWER: B
In what type of rock would you find
fossils?
• A. igneous
• B. metamorphic
• C. sedimentary
• ANSWER: C
Which were most likely the most
primitive organisms?
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A. corals
B. bacteria
C. fish
D. eukaryotes
E. Mr. Bethem
• ANSWER: B or E
If A=.7 and a=.3, what is the
frequency of the homozygous
dominant individuals?
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A. .49
B. .09
C. .42
D. 1
• ANSWER: A
AA = p2 (.7) (.7)
Aa = 2pq
aa = q2
p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1
Hardy-Weinberg
Which graph is showing directional
evolution?
• A.
• B.
• C.
• ANSWER:
A
Which graph is showing
directional evolution?
• Directional
• A.
• B.
• C.
White
brown
black
• Disruptive
• stabilizing
The raw material for evolution
comes from…
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A, natural selection
B. gene flow
C. mutations
D. genetic drift
• ANSWER: C
Which are
most closely
related?
• Red algae and
green algae
• Red algae brown
algae
• Diatoms and yeast
• ANSWER: brown
and red algae
Which are
most
related?
• Rhea and
Stuthio
• Rhea and
Pterocnemia
• ANSWER:
Rhea and
Pterocnemia
Darwin did not know about:
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A. fossils
B. genes
C. gene flow
D. artificial selection
• ANSWER: B
Which of these (choose 2)would
be in the same family?
• Cat
alligator
lion
• ANSWER: cat and lion
manatee
In what kingdom are all of these?
• Cat
alligator
lion
• ANSWER: animalia
manatee
Which phylogenetic tree
shows the most diversity?
• A
B
• ANSWER: C
C
Which species is most closely
related to humans?
• ANSWER: chimpanzees
What are same structures, same
origin, different function?
• A. homologous
• B. analagous
• ANSWER:
• homologous
What is taxonomy?
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A. study of molecular biology
B. study of anthropology
C. study of classification
D. geology
E. stuffing dead animal carcasses
• ANSWER: C
Which are the primary consumers?
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ANSWER:
Mouse
Deer
Cricket
Where are the producers?
• ANSWER:
D
What % of energy is passed to
each trophic level above it?
• A. 10
• B. 90
• C. 50
• ANSWER: 10%
Which is where both organisms
benefit?
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A. mutualism
B. parasitism
C. commensalism
D. predation
• Answer: A
Which fossil is the oldest?
• ANSWER: A
Describe forest succession
Primary succ = start with rock
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Seconday succ.=start with soil
Lichen and moss’ acids break down rock
Small plants
Shrubs
Pines then oaks and maples
Which is an abiotic factor that
functions as a limiting factor for the
autotrophs in the ecosystem shown
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A. grasshopper
B. fish
C. light
D. hawk
ANSWER: C
Which is a population example?
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A. leopard frogs in a stream
B. birds in Colorado
C. reptiles in the Sahara Desert
D. trees in a forest
• ANSWER: A (same species, same time,
same place)
First organism in most food chains:
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A. herbivore
B. decomposer
C. carnivore
D. photosynthetic
• ANSWER: D
This graph shows:
• A. logistic growth
• B. exponential growth
• C. super duper growth
• ANSWER: A
If the birthrate equals the death
rate, the population…
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A. reaches zero growth
B. Gradually increases
C. gradually decreases
D. becomes unstable
• ANSWER: A
Going from sea level to mountain
top, an ecologist saw:
• Description
• Which biome?
-Deep-green
• Temperate
deciduous
+many birds+
forest
sm. Animals
-bare rock,very
little vegetation, • tundra
few birds
Which column contains only
abiotic factors?
• ANSWER: B
What category are these?
(animals that eat dead organisms)
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A. decomposers
B. scavengers
C. herbivores
D. autotrophs
• ANSWER: B
Where are the autotrophs?
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Fish
Snails
Plants
Gravel
• ANSWER:
• plants
Where is the carrying capacity on
the graph?
A
B
ANSWER: C
C
Predator-Prey Graph
• What’s going on here?
• ANSWER: prey density goes down, then
predator density goes down
Which of the following would be the
largest group of organisms?
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A. community
B. population
C. species
D. ecosystem
• ANSWER: D
Largest to smallest
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Biosphere – whole earth
Biome –lg. area similar temp + organisms
Ecosystem – living + non-living
Community-many species in a place
Population –one species in a place
Species – can interbreed and viable offspr.
Organism – one individual
Which of the following would be
decomposers?
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A. plants
B. fungi + bacteria
C. animals
D. paramecia (protists)
• ANSWER: B
What is the name of Mrs. Sheldon’s
iguana?
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A. Spikey
B. Bob
C. Killer
D. Lazy butt
• ANSWER: A