Transcript Biology EOC FlashCards PowerPointx

Index
Biology EOC Flash Cards
Index
Radiation
Index
Radiation
• Heat travels through space by infrared
radiation,
• Example: sunlight heating the earth
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Convection
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Convection
• Heat transfer to or from a moving fluid. (fluid
= liquid or gas)
• Example: radiator fluid flowing through the
engine of a car gets hot. Air blowing across
the cooling coils of an air condition gets cold.
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Genotype
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Genotype
• The genes that an organism has. Example BB,
Bb, bb.
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Bacteria Cell
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Phenotype
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Phenotype
• The characteristic of an organism that can be
seen or observed. It is caused by the genotype.
Example: blue eyes, brown eyes, green eyes.
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Index
Virus
Index
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Plant cell
Index
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Animal cell
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Only 10% of the energy is passed
from one trophic level to the next
trophic level. Most of the rest of
the energy is _________ _____
_________
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Only 10% of the energy is passed
from one trophic level to the next
trophic level. Most of the rest of
the energy is _________ _____
_________
Lost as heat
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Is water a polar or nonpolar solvent?
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Is water a polar or nonpolar solvent?
polar
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What is the shape of a water molecule?
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What is the shape of a water molecule?
Bent or vee shaped
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Why is water called the universal
solvent?
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Why is water called the universal
solvent?
Water can dissolve ionic substances
and some polar covalent
substances.
What does like dissolves like
mean?
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What does like dissolves like mean?
• Polar solvents dissolve polar
covalent compounds.
• Nonpolar solvents dissolve
nonpolar compounds.
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What makes water such a great
solvent?
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What makes water such a great
solvent?
• The vee shape and the partial charges (O =
partial negative, H=partial positive) makes the
molecule polar (has a negative end and a
positive end).
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Control
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Control
• Group in an experiment that is the norm.
(Don’t change the independent variable)
• (Group we compare all other groups to. So we
can see how the other groups change.)
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What makes up the backbone of DNA?
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What makes up the backbone of DNA?
Sugar and phosphate (Phosphorous)
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Mutualism
(mutualistic)
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Mutualism
(mutualistic)
Both organisms benefit.
(+/+)
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Dependent variable
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Dependent variable
• Variable we expect to change.
• The results.
• It depends on the independent
• Responding variable
(usually graphed on the y axis)
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Constant
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Constant
Something that doesn’t change or is the same for
each group.
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What makes up DNA?
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What makes up DNA?
nucleotides
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Parasitisim
(parasitic)
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Parasitisim
(parasitic)
One organism benefits, the other is harmed.
(+/-)
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Independent variable
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Independent variable
• Variable we change. It causes the dependent
variable to change.
(usually graphed on the x axis)
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Which component of DNA provides
instructions for making a protein?
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Which component of DNA provides
instructions for making a protein?
• Sequence (order) of nitrogenous
bases/nucleotides. (ATGC)
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What makes up a nucleotide?
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What makes up a nucleotide?
Sugar, phosphate, nitrogenous base
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Commensalism
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Commensalism
• One organism benefits, the other is neither
harmed nor benefits.
• (+/neither)
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Examples of Commensualism
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Examples of Commensualism
•
•
•
•
•
(+/neither)
Spanish moss on a tree
Barnacle on a whale
Hermit crab and snail.
Cattle egret and cattle
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Examples of Parasitism
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Examples of Parasitism
• (+/-) One benefits, one harmed
• Tick on a dog
• Fleas, pinworms, tapeworms, liver flukes,
round worms, mosquitoes,
• Mistletoe on a mesquite tree
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Examples of mutualism
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Examples of Mutualism
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
(+/+) Both Benefit
Flowering plants & bee/wasp/humming bird
Good bacteria in our digestive tract
Clown fish and sea anemone
Remora and shark
Plants and nitrogen fixing bacteria
Termites and protozoa
Cows and bacteria in rumen
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Flagellum
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Flagellum
• Long whip-like structure used for movement
(locomotion) on some bacteria, some protozoa,
and human sperm cells.
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Causes Acid Rain
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Causes Acid Rain
Burning fossil fuels (oil, gasoline,
kerosene, diesel, coal, jet fuel)
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Predation
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Predation
• (+/-)
• Predator/Prey
• When one organism kills and eats
another organism.
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What are the RNA base pairs?
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What are the RNA base pairs?
A-U
G-C
(adenine, uracil, guanine, cytosine)
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Competition
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Competition
• (-/-)
• When two organisms are trying
to use the same resource (food,
water, mates, housing, etc...)
• (Both hurt)
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Extinction
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Extinction
When all the organisms of a species have died.
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What is the DNA template strand for
the following DNA?
5’ATGCGT3’
Index
’
What is the DNA template strand for
the following DNA?
5’ATGCGT3
3’TACGCA5’
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Speciation
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Speciation
Pronounced “specie-a-tion”
The formation of a new species.
(Usually occurs when a population is
separated by a barrier that prevents
them from breeding together for an
extremely long period of time.)
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What are the DNA base pairs?
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What are the DNA base pairs?
A-T
G-C
(adenine, uracil, guanine, cytosine)
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What is the mRNA that is formed form
the following DNA strand?
5’TTACCG3’
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What is the mRNA that is formed form
the following DNA strand?
5’TTACCG3’
3’AAUGGC5’
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transcription
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Transcription
• Making a mRNA copy of DNA
• (occurs in the nucleus)
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What DNA nucleotide base pairs with
adenine?
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What DNA nucleotide base pairs with adenine?
Thymine
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Are viruses alive?
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Are viruses alive?
No, viruses are NOT alive.
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Translation
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Translation
• Making a protein from the
information stored in the mRNA
• (occurs at the ribosomes)
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What RNA nucleotide base pairs with
adenine?
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What RNA nucleotide base pairs with
adenine?
Uracil
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Osmosis
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Osmosis
• The diffusion of water across a membrane.
• The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of low
solute concentration to an area of high solute
concentration.
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What does a virus need to replicate or
duplicate itself?
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What does a virus need to replicate or
duplicate itself?
• To hijack a living cell.
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Replication
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Replication
• Making a DNA copy of DNA
• (in preparation for mitosis or
meiosis)
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What DNA nucleotide base pairs with
cytosine?
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What DNA nucleotide base pairs with
cytosine?
Guanine
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Polio is caused by a _______
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Polio is caused by a _______
Virus
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Rabies is caused by a ____
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Rabies is caused by a Virus
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Bacteria living in our digestive
system help us absorb some
nutrients. This is an example of…
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Bacteria living in our digestive
system help us absorb some
nutrients. This is an example of...
Mutualism (+/+)
(Bacteria absorbs food/nutrients and
they help us absorb certain
nutrients/make some vitamins)
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Beechdrops are leafless plants that lack
chlorophyll. Beechdrops get their food from
the roots of beech trees, which reduces the
amount of food available to the tree. This is an
example of …
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Beechdrops are leafless plants that lack
chlorophyll. Beechdrops get their food from
the roots of beech trees, which reduces the
amount of food available to the tree. This is an
example of a…
Parasite
(parasitism)
(parasitic relationship)
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Antibiotics will only kill _______
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Antibiotics will only kill Bacteria
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Strep throat is caused by a _____
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Strep throat is caused by a _____
Bacteria
Streptococcus sp.
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Reactions that produce toxic gases
should be performed in a…
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Reactions that produce toxic gases
should be performed in a…
Fume hood
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What piece of equipment would be used to
precisely measure a 5 mL volume?
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What piece of equipment would be
used to precisely measure a 5 mL
volume?
10 mL graduated pipette
or
10 mL graduated cylinder
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What muscle straightens the arm?
What muscle straightens the arm?
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• Triceps
• (muscles can only pull/contract)
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What piece of equipment would be used to
precisely measure a 45 mL volume?
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What piece of equipment would be
used to precisely measure a 45 mL
volume?
100 mL graduated cylinder
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What molecule provides most of the
energy in cells?
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What molecule provides most of the
energy in cells?
• ATP
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Abiotic factors
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Abiotic factors
• Nonliving factors: air, water, soil, sunlight,
rocks, weather, etc…
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A mutation in genes (DNA) can occur
when -
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A mutation in genes (DNA) can occur
when –
The sequence (order) of nitrogenous bases changes
(substitution mutation, deletion mutation, addition
mutation)
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What commercial product is often the cause of
toxic heavy metal pollution such as nickel,
mercury, lead, and cadmium?
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What commercial product is often the cause of
toxic heavy metal pollution such as nickel,
mercury, lead, and cadmium?
Rechargeable batteries
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Jellyfish, sponges, and round worms belong to
what kingdom?
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Jellyfish, sponges, and round worms belong to
what kingdom?
Animal kingdom
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In an organism, the nucleus (genetic material) of
an egg is removed. The nucleus from the cell
of a different organism is implanted in the egg.
What is this process called?
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In an organism, the nucleus (genetic material) of
an egg is removed. The nucleus from the cell
of a different organism is implanted in the egg.
What is this process called?
Cloning
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Amoebas, Paramecium, and Euglena belong to
what kingdom?
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Amoebas, Paramecium, and Euglena belong to
what kingdom?
Protista kingdom
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What body system transports nutrients to the
cells?
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What body system transports nutrients to the
cells?
Circulatory system
(blood, heart, arteries, veins, capillaries etc..)
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Properties of Water
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Properties of Water
– adhesive
– cohesive
– High specific heat
– High heat capacity
– Polar
– Universal solvent
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What will happen to the cell model?
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What will happen to the cell model?
The cell model shrinks. (water will diffuse across
the membrane from the inside to the outside
until both of the concentrations are the same)
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“Thymine-guanine-thymine-cytosine”
is an example of the
Index
“Thymine-guanine-thymine-cytosine”
is an example of the
Sequence of DNA nitrogenous bases.
Working muscle cells that are deprived
of oxygen produce…
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Working muscle cells that are deprived
of oxygen produce…
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Lactic acid (lactic acid fermentation)
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What organism causes dental cavities?
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What organism causes dental cavities?
bacteria
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What does this show?
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What does this show?
• Osmosis
(diffusion of water across a membrane from an
area of high concentration of water to a low
concentration of water)
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Uracil-guanine-uracil-cytosine”
is an example of the
Index
Uracil-guanine-uracil-cytosine”
is an example of the
Sequence of RNA nitrogenous bases.
What graph is best to show parts of a
whole or percentages?
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What graph is best to show parts of a
whole or percentages?
Index
Circle graph (pie chart)
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What organisms are known as the
decomposers?
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What organisms are known as the
decomposers?
• Bacteria
• Fungi
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Kingdom, class, order, genus
Which one is the most specific group
used to classify organisms?
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Kingdom, class, order, genus
Which one is the most specific group
used to classify organisms?
Genus
Index
What are the bubbles and the gas in
the space above the plant?
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What are the bubbles and the gas in
the space above the plant?
Oxygen
O2
Index
What reaction is this?
6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2
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What reaction is this?
6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2
Making glucose (food)
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What reaction is this?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O
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What reaction is this?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O
Making energy (“burning” glucose)
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What organisms do the weasels eat?
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What organisms do the weasels eat?
• Quail
• Mice
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In a food web, what is
1. an autotroph (usually uses
photosynthesis to make its food)?
2. Source of all energy for the
heterotrophs (organisms that eat
things)?
3. Is at the beginning of a food web or
food chain?
Index
In a food web, what is
1. an autotroph (usually uses
photosynthesis to make its food)?
2. Source of all energy for the
heterotrophs (organisms that eat
things)?
3. Is at the beginning of a food web or
food chain?
Primary producer
Index
In a food web, what is
1. A heterotroph that eats the primary
producer.
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In a food web, what is
1. A heterotroph that eats the primary
producer.
Primary consumer
-or-
1st order consumer
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In a food web, what is
1. A heterotroph that eats the primary
consumer.
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In a food web, what is
1. A heterotroph that eats the primary
consumer.
secondary consumer
-or-
2nd order consumer
What is the purpose of bacteria in this
food web?
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What is the purpose of bacteria in this
food web?
Index
Decomposer
Index
What is the purpose of grass in this
food web?
Index
What is the purpose of grass in this
food web?
Primary producer
(source of all
energy)
Index
Which organism is just a primary
consumer aka 1st order consumer?
Index
Which organism is just a primary
consumer?
Quail
Grasshopper
( it eats only grass)
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In the food web what is the weasel?
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In the food web what is the weasel?
It is a second order
consumer and a
third order
consumer.
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In the food web what is the mouse?
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In the food web what is the mouse?
It is a first order
consumer and a
second order
consumer.
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Which trophic level has most energy?
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Which trophic level has most energy?
• Bottom level (First level)
• The producers.
(the bottom level will have the most energy, the most
mass, & usually the most individual organisms.
Index
Proteins are produced according to a special
code. What molecule carries/contains the
code?
Index
Proteins are produced according to a special
code. What molecule carries/contains the
code?
DNA
or
mRNA
Index
Primary Producer?
Index
• Plants
Primary Producer?
Index
Primary consumer?
Index
Primary consumer?
• Insects
• Mice
• Peccaries
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Both a primary and a secondary
consumer?
Index
Both a primary and a secondary
consumer?
• Peccaries
Index
What are the coyotes and bobcats?
•
Index
What are the coyotes and bobcats?
2nd order consumer
3rd order consumer
Index
Troph-troph
Index
Troph-troph
Food/feeding
Index
Tick on a dog
Index
Tick on a dog
Parasitism
Index
Hydro-
Index
HydroWater
Index
Auto-
Index
• self
Auto-
Index
What sugar is in DNA?
Index
What sugar is in DNA?
• Deoxyribose
Index
Which organisms are most closely
related?
A. Poecile carolinensis
B. Anolis carolinensis
C. Grus Americana
D. Poecile gambeli
Index
Which organisms are most closely related?
A. Poecile carolinensis
B. Anolis carolinensis
C. Grus Americana
D. Poecile gambeli
Poecile gambeli
Poecile carolinensis
(same genus)
(same first name)
Genus species
Index
The table shows 4 people with
symptoms. Which one of these
people have symptoms
associated with the endocrine
system?
Index
The table shows 4 people with
symptoms. Which one of these
people have symptoms
associated with the endocrine
system?
Patient 2
Index
What sugar is in RNA?
Index
What sugar is in RNA?
Ribose
Index
What molecule is most responsible for
determining eye color, body structure, and
cellular enzyme production?
Index
What molecule is most responsible for
determining eye color, body structure, and
cellular enzyme production?
DNA
Index
Niche?
(pronounced “nitch”)
Index
Niche?
(pronounced “nitch”)
How an organism survives. (What it eats, how it
eats, when it eats, where it lives, etc…)
Index
The table shows 4 people with
symptoms. Which one of these
people have symptoms
associated with the circulatory
system?
Index
The table shows 4 people with
symptoms. Which one of these
people have symptoms
associated with the circulatory
system?
Index
The table shows 4 people with
symptoms. Which one of these
people have symptoms
associated with the circulatory
system?
Patient 4
Index
If a female spring pepper frog produces 200
eggs through parthenogenesis (asexual
reproduction in which an organism is produced
from an unfertilized egg)how many males and
females would it produce?
Index
If a spring pepper frog produces 200 eggs
through parthenogenesis how many males
and females would it produce?
200 females and 0 males
(parthenogenesis is a form of asexual reproduction)
(since it is asexual the offspring have the exact same DNA as the parent; they are
clones.)
Index
The table shows 4 people with
symptoms. Which one of these
people have symptoms
associated with the excretory
system?
Index
The table shows 4 people with
symptoms. Which one of these
people have symptoms
associated with the excretory
system?
Patient 1
Index
Which information would help scientist verify relationships of
the organisms?
Index
Which information would help scientist verify relationships of the
organisms ?
The organism’s DNA sequences
Index
Cell membranes perform what function?
Index
Cell membranes perform what function?
1. Holds cytoplasm within cell,
2. Regulating substances entering
and exiting the cell
3. Recognizing other cells
Index
What is the purpose of W?
Index
What is the purpose of W?
Carry instructions for protein synthesis
(It is mRNA. You can tell because only mRNA contains “U” or uracil.
Index
If rabbits increase what would mostly
happen next?
Index
If rabbits increase what would most likely happen
next?
The plant population will decrease
(they are herbivores, more rabbits =
less food)
Index
To find the best rusting rate, the students
should measure the masses of metals
before the investigation and at---
The same time and day during each week
of the investigation
Index
Many viruses released into the air survive
for only short periods of time. What is the
most likely reason for this?
Index
Many viruses released into the air survive
for only short periods of time. What is the
most likely reason for this?
Viruses are dependent on host cells of
living organisms.
Index
Index
Integumentary(skin), nervous, muscular
Index
Index
Have high cholesterol levels
Index
Index
Reproduce successfully
Index
Index
Thermometer, stopwatch, balance
Index
A mutation has occurred in an mRNA fragment that was
originally CUU. Which of the following mutated mRNA
fragment would result in an amino acid sequence different from
that produced by the CUU fragment ?
CUC, CUA , UUA, or CAU?
Index
A mutation has occurred in an mRNA fragment that
was originally CUU. Which of the following mutated
mRNA fragment would result in an amino acid
sequence different from that produced by the CUU
fragment ?
CAU
(the other three codons still produce the same amino acid)
Index
In which plant group does this plant belong?
Index
In which plant group does this plant belong?
Gymnosperms
Index
What is a trend that will be observed in this root tip?
Index
What is a trend that will be observed in this
root tip?
The cells are generally longer at the top then at the
bottom.
Index
Which organ system in a fish allows maximum
oxygen intake through contact between the fish
and its environment?
Index
Which system in a fish allows maximum oxygen
intake through contact between the fish and its
environment?
Respiratory system
Index
Describe a trend in the data shown in the graph?
Index
Describe a trend in the data shown in the graph?
As the temperature increases at 30-60 degrees Celsius the
solubility of KNO3 increases more than that of KCl.
Index
Some plants have a hard waxy coating on their
leaves that helps prevent water loss. In which
environment do these plants most likely grow?
Index
Some plants have a hard waxy coating on their
leaves that helps prevent water loss. In which
environment do these plants most likely grow?
Desert
Index
What type of graph would be used to compare
groups?
Index
What type of graph would be used to compare
groups?
Bar graph
Index
Asexual reproduction
Index
Asexual reproduction
Reproduction involving only a single parent.
(reproduction without sex)
(all offspring will be clones of the parent)
Index
What causes water molecules to be attracted to
each other?
Index
What causes water molecules to be attracted to
each other?
Polarity
Index
How do animals meet their energy needs?
Index
How do animals meet their energy needs?
Eating food
Index
How do plants meet their energy needs?
Index
How do plants meet their energy needs?
Absorbing light energy to make glucose which
their cells use to make ATP
(make their own food from sunlight, carbon
dioxide, and water.)
Index
Scientists recently found a fossil representing a newly
discovered animal species that they named
Tiktaalik roseae. The fossil indicates that Tiktaalik
roseae had a fish-like jaw and scale-covered fins.
The front fins had bones similar to those of a shoulder,
an upper arm, an elbow, a forearm, and a wrist.
This information suggests that populations of Tiktaalik
roseae most likely lived in which two
environments?
Index
Scientists recently found a fossil representing a newly
discovered animal species that they named
Tiktaalik roseae. The fossil indicates that Tiktaalik
roseae had a fish-like jaw and scale-covered fins.
The front fins had bones similar to those of a shoulder,
an upper arm, an elbow, a forearm, and a wrist.
This information suggests that populations of Tiktaalik
roseae most likely lived in which two
environments?
Land and water
Index
If the trend continues,
What is the most likely voltage needed to
maintain a 1.5-amp current through
80 meters of the wire?
Index
If the trend continues,
What is the most likely voltage needed to
maintain a 1.5-amp current through
80 meters of the wire? 400 V
Index
Which component of the DNA molecule
provides instructions for the
production of the protein?
Index
Which component of the DNA molecule
provides instructions for the
production of the protein?
Sequence of nitrogenous bases
Index
Diaphragm?
Index
Diaphragm?
Adjusts the amount of light
Index
Rotating nosepiece?
Index
Rotating nosepiece?
Index
Rotating nosepiece?
Changes magnification
Index
ATC GGC TTA
ATC GGC TA
Before
After
This is an example of what type of mutation?
Index
ATC GGC TTA
ATC GGC TA
Before
After
This is an example of what type of mutation?
Deletion mutation
(deletion and insertion mutations will cause a
frame shift)
Index
ATC GGC TTA
Before
ATT GGC TTA
After
This is an example of what type of mutation?
Index
ATC GGC TTA
Before
ATT GGC TTA
After
This is an example of what type of mutation?
Substitution mutation
(point mutation)
Index
What are some examples of genetic variation
of a bird species?
Index
What are some examples of genetic variation
of a bird species?
Beak length
Beak shape
Feather color
Foot shape
Leg length
And many many more
(any trait that is controlled by a gene in the
DNA)
Index
What organelle is used for storing water?
Index
What organelle is used for storing water?
Vacuole
Index
What part of the cell makes proteins?
Index
What part of the cell makes proteins?
Ribosome
(ribosome is NOT an organelle)
Index
Where does cellular respiration take place?
Index
Where does cellular respiration take place?
Mitochondria
(cellular respiration is the “burning of glucose”)
Index
Liana plants are woody vines that grow on some
trees in rain forests. These climbing plants are
most likely adapted for —
Index
Liana plants are woody vines that grow on some
trees in rain forests. These climbing plants are
most likely adapted for —
Growing through foliage to reach available
sunlight
Index
Which one has an open circulatory system?
Index
Which one has an open circulatory system?
grasshopper
Index
Which organism is most closely related to
organism V?
Index
Which organism is most closely related to
organism V? W
(up and down is usually time)
(closer the branches are to each other the more related)
Index
Botanists cross a heterozygous (Pp) plant
having purple flowers with a homozygous (pp)
plant having white flowers. About what
percentage of the offspring will have purple
flowers?
Index
Botanists cross a heterozygous (Pp) plant
having purple flowers with a homozygous (pp)
plant having white flowers. About what
percentage of the offspring will have purple
flowers?
50%
Index
A mutation in a DNA molecule is passed to
offspring only when the mutation occurs
in a —
Index
A mutation in a DNA molecule is passed to
offspring only when the mutation occurs
in a —
Gamete
(sex cell)
(sperm, egg)
Index
Which system is directly responsible for maintaining
the volume and the composition of most body
fluids?
Index
Which system is directly responsible for maintaining
the volume and the composition of most body
fluids?
Excretory system
Index
A hypothesis that two organisms from
different species are related to each other is
supported by —
Index
A hypothesis that two organisms from
different species are related to each other is
supported by —
Homologous structures
or
Similar sequences of DNA
Index
At one time large herds of bison roamed across the
Great Plains. Brown-headed cowbirds often followed
the bison, capturing and eating insects that
scattered as the bison walked through the grasses.
This relationship between the bison and the cowbird
was —
Index
At one time large herds of bison roamed across the
Great Plains. Brown-headed cowbirds often followed
the bison, capturing and eating insects that
scattered as the bison walked through the grasses.
This relationship between the bison and the cowbird
was —
commensalism