Transcript Sustainable Aquaculture Workshop

When the environment needs aquaculture:
"Valliculture’.
Andrea Fabris
Italian Fish Farmers Association
Sustainable Aquaculture Workshop
5th May 2014 - Athens
Extensive and semi-intensive coastal fish farms
data referred to year 2012
• Fish Production
about 3.500 ton (extensive
+ semi-intensive coastal
farms)
• Active farms
n.158 (2008)
• Permanent + non-permanent
employed workers
> 1.200
• Surface
~ 74.500 ha
Sustainable Aquaculture Workshop
5th May 2014 - Athens
Extensive and semi-intensive coastal fish farms
Lagoon
Large brackish areas; surface: 5,000
(Lesina) - 55,000 ha (Venice);
productivity: 70-150 kg/ha
Valli
Coastal basins of the North Adriatic.
Sector
of
lagoon
enclosed
by
embankments and characterized by
brackish water, low average depth 0.6 m;
productivity: 30-150/kg/ha/year
Sustainable Aquaculture Workshop
5th May 2014 - Athens
Extensive and semi-intensive coastal fish farms
Stagno - Pond
Coastal basins of
Sardinia.
Artisanal fisheries
and
extensive
polyculture.
Sacche
Brackish environments of the River Po
Delta: productivity for shellfish culture:
15,000 kg/ha (Sacca di Goro)
Saline
Small
brackish
environments
used
for salt production in
the past. Usually
extensive polyculture
of brackish fish
Sustainable Aquaculture Workshop
5th May 2014 - Athens
VALLICOLTURA
“Vallicoltura” comes from the latin word
“vallum” meaning “obstacle, barrier”.
 In fact, since ancient times, the
inhabitants of the lagoons located in
the upper areas of the Adriatic Sea
used to surround and use such
areas for farming and fishing
activities.
 “Vallicoltura” represents a historical,
ecological, environmental , social
and cultural
treasure, which is
unique.
 Some fish farms arose in 1500-1600
and passed on generation after
generation still nowadays
Sustainable Aquaculture Workshop
5th May 2014 - Athens
VALLICOLTURA
The “Vallicoltura” in north Adriatic is a form of fish
production that provides extensive seeding of
juvenile fish species, which simulate the qualitative
composition of fish communities estuarine lagoon
and the Mediterranean, in man-made aquatic
environments or historically confined to portions of
coastal lagoons or coastal wetlands.
Productive management of coastal lagoon:
• Fixed fish barriers and hydraulic regulation
of continental freshwater and seawater
• Human interventions are maynly limited to
water
management
to
maintain
environmental conditions suitable.
Sustainable Aquaculture Workshop
5th May 2014 - Athens
VALLICOLTURA
‘Nursery’ function performed by the lagoon
environment for the fry of euryhaline
species
 environment optimal thermal and trophic
conditions to complete the initial phase
of their life cycle.
Ever since ancient times, man has exploited
the migration of fry from the sea, which is
called “montata” or “rimonta” (rise) and with
the fish being caught at the time of their
return to the sea during the autumn months.
Evolution -->
semi-intensive zones with feeding for winter
Sustainable Aquaculture Workshop
5th May 2014 - Athens
VALLICOLTURA
 Coastal lagoons, stagni and valli are
components of Italy’s economic
assets.
 The ecological vitality and sociocultural
traditions
of
these
ecosystems are currently exclusively
dependent on private farms.
 Aquaculture is the only activity able
to “farm people” in these areas
Sustainable Aquaculture Workshop
5th May 2014 - Athens
VALLICOLTURA: products (bio)diversity
Sea Bream
Sea Bass
Mugilidae
Other Sparids
Eel
Others fishes of less importance:
• prawns (Penaeus kerathurus),
• littoral crabs (Carcinus aestuarii),
• brown shrimps (Crangon crangon),
• mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis),
• clams (Tapes decussatus, T. semidecussatus),…
Sustainable Aquaculture Workshop
5th May 2014 - Athens
VALLICOLTURA: products (bio)diversity
Family
Species
Cycle (years)
Fish size(g)
1-2
150-350
3-5 M
4-7 F
100-150 M
200-500 F
Anguillidae
Sparus aurata
Diplodus sargus
D. annularis
D. vulgaris
Anguilla anguilla
Serranidae
Dicentrarchus labrax
2-3
250-400
Soleidae
Solea vulgaris
Solea impar
Mugil cephalus
3-4
Liza saliens
Liza aurata
Liza ramada
Chelon labrosus
3-4
3-4
3-4
4-5
700 M
1000 F
300
300
300-400
1000
Sparidae
Mugilidae
Main fish species reared in extensive aquaculture systems in Italy with the duration of the typical
production cycle (year) and size (range in g) at harvest.
Sustainable Aquaculture Workshop
5th May 2014 - Athens
VALLICOLTURA Actions and Perspectives
 Sustain its enviromental role despite
the low productivity (in terms of
quantity and economic results)
 EMAS
Certification,
certification schemes.
or
others
 Disseminate Good Farming Practice
adapted to extensive farming.
 Organic Aquaculture
Sustainable Aquaculture Workshop
5th May 2014 - Athens
Sustainable development of aquaculture
Extensive
or
semi-intensive
aquaculture
systems
can
be
compatible with sensitive habitats
and can provide environmental
benefits and services.
“Multifunctional fish farms, where various
other services are provided for recreation,
maintenance of biodiversity and improved
water management.”
“The abandonment of traditional fish
farms can also lead to their drying up,
encroachment by scrub and trees or
replacement with other land use; all of
which leads to the decline of biodiversity.”
Sustainable Aquaculture Workshop
5th May 2014 - Athens
Sustainable development of aquaculture
“Fish farms in natural areas have
often adopted a Code of Best
Practice and apply suitable
measures for mitigate potential
impacts and to contribute to the
conservation of habitats and species
that are present on the site.”
“Suitable
management
of
aquaculture in coastal lagoons has
also proved to be beneficial to the
conservation of natural areas and
the species they host which should
be promoted and adequately
supported”
Sustainable Aquaculture Workshop
5th May 2014 - Athens
Aquaculture & Environmental protection
 Environmental Protection
Natura 2000
National Parks
 Role of fishponds
 Water quality
 Biodiversity
 Restocking
Sustainable Aquaculture Workshop
5th May 2014 - Athens
Lagoon of Grado and Marano Lagunare
High concentration - methyl-Hg in sediment
High concentration in farmed fish extensive (vallicolture) (0,22mg/kg) …
coming from mining activities in Slovenia
Need of Comprehensive environmental analysis
Solution: Use/supplement with artificial feed in autum and winter
Aquaculture permanent environmental presidium
Conclusions - Challenges
Coastal lagoons, stagni and valli are components of
Italy’s economic assets.
Extensive aquaculture in coastal lagoons represents
a social, cultural and economic heritage, which is
profoundly linked to biodiversity and ecosystem
preservation.
Too many legislative restrictions (local, national,
EU) interact to the daily activities and interventions
in lagoons, valli, estuarine areas,...
The ecological vitality and socio-cultural traditions of
these ecosystems is currently exclusively dependent
on private farms.
Sustainable Aquaculture Workshop
5th May 2014 - Athens
Conclusions - Challenges
The MSFD ecosystem-based approach to the management
of human activities which supports the sustainable use of
marine goods and services.
The overarching goal of the Directive is to achieve:
‘Good Environmental Status’
Vallicoltura is in line with Marine Strategies
from very long time
Sustainable Aquaculture Workshop
5th May 2014 - Athens
Culture
Information
Eco-Tourism
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