Transcript PowerPoint

Problem Area 3
Fish Management
Next Generation Science / Common Core Standards Addressed
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HS‐LS4‐5. Evaluate the evidence supporting claims that changes in
environmental conditions may result in: (1) increases in the number of
individuals of some species, (2) the emergence of new species over time,
and (3) the extinction of other species. [Clarification Statement: Emphasis is
on determining cause and effect relationships for how changes to the
environment such as deforestation, fishing, application of fertilizers, drought,
flood, and the rate of change of the environment affect distribution or
disappearance of traits in species.]
Agriculture, Food, and Natural
Resource Standards Addressed
• NRS.01.02. Classify different types of
natural resources in order to enable
protection, conservation, enhancement
and management in a particular
geographical region.
– NRS.01.02.04.a. Research and examine the
characteristics used to identify aquatic
species.
Bell Work / Objectives
• Discuss terms used for aquaculture and
fish anatomy.
• Identify major species used in aquaculture.
• List management and nutrient
requirements of aquaculture.
• Describe freshwater and saltwater
aquaculture production systems.
• Explain harvesting an marketing of
aquaculture products
Terms
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Alligators
Aqua crop
Aquaculture
Bluegill
Fish
Freshwater
Fry
Hatchery
Lobsters
Prawn
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Production cycle
Raceways
Saltwater
Shrimp
Spring water
Surface runoff
Tilapia
Water facility
Water quality
Well water
Exploring the Aquaculture Industry
• If you were to go to a fish hatchery, what
questions would you like to ask?
What are terms used in aquaculture?
• Aquaculture
– Production of aquatic vegetation and animals.
• Aqua crop
– Commercially produced water species
• Freshwater
– Water that contains little or no salt
• Saltwater
– Water containing over 16.5 parts per
thousand of salt
What are terms used in aquaculture?
• Fish
– Animals that have gills instead
of lungs and are vertebrates
(having backbones)
• Hatchery
– A facility where eggs are
incubated and hatched by
artificial means
• Fry
– A newly hatched fish
What are terms used in aquaculture?
• Water quality
– Used to describe how suitable
water is to a specific use
• Surface runoff
– Water that is not absorbed by the
soil from rain
• Well water
– Water drawn up by wells from
underground aquifers
• Spring water
– Water from natural openings in
the earth and the quality is similar
to well water
What major species are used in
aquaculture?
• Shrimp
– Name used to describe
approximately 2,000
species of crustaceans.
– Mainly bottom dwellers
and scavengers.
– Feed slowly on both
plant and animal
organisms.
What major species are used in
aquaculture?
• Prawn
– Any large shrimp
What major species are used in
aquaculture?
• Lobsters
– Crustaceans with
hard shells that live
in saltwater.
– Found on the
bottom of the
ocean under rocks
and in holes.
– Eat other lobsters,
crabs, snails, and
small fish.
What major species are used in
aquaculture?
• Alligators
– Large reptiles used
for meat and hides.
– Farms are found in
the Southern states
including
Mississippi and
Louisiana.
What major species are used in
aquaculture?
• Frogs
– Legs of bullfrogs are
used for meat and in
great demand.
– Also used for
research.
– Hard to raise
commercially due to
their complex life
cycle.
– Generally “gigged” in
southern waterways, a
lucrative hobby.
What major species are used in
aquaculture?
• Eels
– Used for food
especially in Japan.
– Elvers are raised in
ponds.
– Caught by
fisherman in their
natural
environments.
What major species are used in
aquaculture?
• Fish - Tilapia
– Fish well suited for
aquaculture.
– Originally found if Africa.
– Grow and reproduce very
quickly.
– Sensitive to cold
temperatures.
– Used to control vegetation
in ponds and lakes.
• Fish – Catfish
• The easiest of the
commercial fish to
raise on a farm as
an alternate crop.
• Warm water / hot
climate areas of the
southern US are
the largest areas of
production.
What major species are used in
aquaculture?
• FISH - Bluegills
– A sunfish that has a
deep compressed
head and a small
mouth.
– Fairly easy to
produce.
– Well adapted to
various climates.
What major species are used in
aquaculture?
• Trout
– A cold water species
popular in the US.
– Cold water species tend
to be slower growing.
– Not found as commonly
on restaurant menus as
their warm water
cousins.
– Commonly raised in
cooler climates.
– Salmon is also
becoming more common
in commercial
operations.
How do you manage and feed
aquaculture species?
• Production cycle
– The complete production of a crop from seed
stock to market size.
– Water environments can be complex, careful
feed and management is required for a
profitable business.
How do you manage and feed
aquaculture species?
• Animals will become diseased and
inefficient if they are malnourished
– Proper amount of protein, fat, minerals,
carbohydrates, and vitamins must be fed
according to type of animal raising.
• There are natural foods and man-made
feeds used in aquaculture.
How do you manage and feed
aquaculture species?
• Natural foods
– Foods that grow
naturally.
– Example: plankton
– Harvested and fed
to aqua crops.
• Man-made feed
– Produced
according to the
needs of what type
of animal you are
producing.
How do you manage and feed
aquaculture species?
• Management includes
– Monitoring facilities
– Monitoring
equipment
– Maintaining water
quality is essential.
What are freshwater and saltwater
production systems like?
• The aquatic environment you create for
your species depends on what is
necessary for it to survive.
• Water facility
– The environment or structure in which your
aqua crop is raised.
How do you manage and feed
aquaculture species?
• Ponds
– Made by humans or created by nature
– Vary in size
– Cannot have flowing water
– Designed for easy harvesting
– Usually freshwater
– Usually 3 to 5 feet deep
– Monitor for excessive vegetation and water
quality.
How do you manage and feed
aquaculture species?
• Raceways
– human-made
– use flowing water
– normally long, narrow and
3 to 4 feet deep
– advantage is having more
oxygen and carrying waste
away.
– disadvantage is having to
use pumps and more
water.
How do you manage and feed
aquaculture species?
• Tanks
– Made of metal,
concrete, fiberglass
and other
materials.
– Come in various
shapes and sizes.
– Management is
easier because of
smaller size.
How do you manage and feed
aquaculture species?
• Pens and cages
– Materials used to
confine species to
a small area in a
very large body of
water.
– Used to make
harvesting and
managing aqua
crops easier.
How do you harvest aqua crops?
• Harvesting and marketing aqua crops vary with
species and production systems.
– Harvesting
• The capturing of fish used for consumption.
• Fish raised in tanks are easy to harvest
because of size.
• Dip nets are used to harvest from tanks.
• Seine is used to harvest from raceways.
• Ponds are more complicated to harvest
because the pond may need to be drained
or large equipment is required.
How do you market aqua crops?
• Marketing of aquatic products can be
direct or indirect
– Direct marketing
• Simple
• Sell right to consumer
– Indirect marketing
• Complex
• Product is changed and then sold to others
who will sell the products to consumer.
How do you market aqua crops?
• Marketing is only as good as the market
for the product.
• Always make sure you have a dependable
buyer for your products before you invest
the money to grow them.
Review / Summary
• What are terms used in aquaculture?
• What major species are used in
aquaculture?
• How do you manage and feed aquaculture
species?
• What are freshwater and saltwater
systems like?
• How do you harvest and market aqua
crops?
The End!