Transcript Challenges of ICM Ha Long Bay Case Study

Challenges of Integrated Coastal
Management
ARD HUB Training
Nha Trang, Viet Nam
January 14-19,2008
Marea Hatziolos
World Bank, ENV
Principles of ICM
Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) is a continuous and dynamic
process by which decisions are made for sustainable use,
development and protection of coastal and marine resources.
—Cicin-Sain and Knecht.
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Ecosystem integrity/function
goods/services
Economic productivity
Social equity (inter-generational benefit sharing)
Integrated Approach
–Habitat linkages (watershed to coastal zone)
–Horizontal (cross sectoral)
–Vertical (governance)
• Common Vision
• Participatory Planning (conflict resolution)
• Iterative process: new challenges
climate change
Tools of ICM
• Spatial Planning
– Zoning
– Mapping/Remote Sensing
– MPAs, Fishery Reserves
• Regulations
– Sectoral Governance
– Policy Harmonization
(Synergies, win-wins)
• Economic Instruments
– Polluter pays, user fees,
green funds, tax credits,
easements
• Research
– Monitoring (ecological,
social, economic)
– Experimental (technical
innovation/R&D)
• Conflict Resolution
– Consultation
– Participation
• Communication
– Constituency Bldg
– Reporting
• Adaptive Management
– Review, assess, revise
Ecosystem-Based Management
A strategy for the integrated management of land, water and
living resources that promotes conservation and sustainable
use in an equitable way. — CBD
• Space Based
• System boundaries
defined
• Ecological linkages
preclude single
species approach
• Human-ecosystem
interactions
• Key system drivers
Hanoi–Hai Phong--Quang Ninh Economic Corridor
In 1998
• High growth region (12%
economic growth
• Natural beauty/iconic status
• 3 point Econ Dev’t Plan
– Light industry
– Sustainable Tourism
– Ports/Transport
• Environmental threats
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–
–
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Coal mining
Heavy industry
Siltation
Coastal
development/infrastructure
Economic development Tradeoffs
In 2008
• Quang Ninh—largest tourist
destination in Vietnam by
2010. 3.7 million in 2007.
• 12.5%/yr growth sustained
• New port/Floating hotel
• Corals threatened by pollution
Red River and coal mining
• Mangroves lost to aquaculture
• Threats and Risks
 Shipping Traffic
 Coal exploitation
 Urban Growth
 HIV/AIDs
 Aquaculture
 Climate Change
Sea Level Rise
• In Vietnam, an
estimated 10.8
percent of the nation’s
population will be
displaced with onemeter sea level rise,
with very high impacts
in the Mekong and
Red River deltas.
Inundation Zone Vietnam
Coral Reefs and Climate Change:
Which one’s healthy?