Transcript The Crusades

The Norman Conquest
•The Battle of Hastings
• In 1066,
England was
invaded by
Normans
(Vikings from
modern-day
France)
–Harold, King of England killed
–William of Normandy (William the Conqueror) takes over.
William of Normandy helped make
England what it is today and
codified feudalism (gave it the
force of law).
• French was spoken in the
English court for the next 200
years.
• 1066 - William I creates
Domesday Book for purposes
of fair tax collection.
– Great resource for modern
historians to learn about
Medieval life)
William of Normandy
Norman ship
The Crusades
The Crusades
Cross on chest
About 4000 knights took up
the Cross. The word Crusade
comes from the Latin CRUX,
meaning Cross.
The Crusades
• A series of military
campaigns by a
variety of European
military groups into
parts of the Byzantine
Empire and Muslim
controlled Middle
East.
•
Jerusalem - special city for
three
religions.
– For Jews - city where King
David ruled and where the
great Temple had stood.
– For Christians- city where
Jesus had lived, preached,
and been crucified.
– For Muslims - where their
leader, Mohammed,
ascended into heaven
The Crusades Competing Religions
Don’t
Worry. I
will send
and army
Help us
Urban –
you are
our only
hope
•Nobles rally to Popes call
If you die in
battle, you
will go
straight to
Heaven – no
waiting!
Why kill
fellow
Europeans
when you
can kill
strangers
called
Muslims?
“’The bearer of this ticket will go to heaven if you get
slaughtered on a Crusade!’ Awesome! I’m gonna be a
knight!”
You can keep
any money
you find, or
land you take
Let’s Get
EM!!
Yeah!!!!
Lets rock
and roll!
My sins
will all be
forgiven
I’m
going
to be
RICH!
The “Other” Army
• Peasants rally to call of “Peter the Hermit”
Not this kind of hermit
Peter and His Mob
• Byzantines hoped for a well-trained army
What they got was
something else
Peter’s Band of Looters
and Thieves
Byzantines were
appalled by Peter's
mob.
Mobs steal everything
not nailed down.
Pent up peasant
frustrations. Byzantium
is a very rich place
compared to what they
are used to.
Historians believe that 30,000 crusaders left
Western Europe to fight in the first crusade.
About 4,000 of those were knights,
who were happy to try out their fighting skills.
The rest of the crusaders were foot soldiers, archers
(soldiers with bows and arrows), and cooks.
Women and priests also traveled with the men
in the army.
There were eight major Crusades. Only
the first one was really successful.
Land and water routes
to the Holy Land.
The Burning of Jerusalem
The Crusaders were terribly cruel to the
Muslims
• The aftermath is that the Crusaders
succeed in capturing and controlling
a strip of land along the
Mediterranean in Palestine. They
divide it up into four separate feudal
kingdoms.
Christians set up 4 crusader
states in the Holy Land
and built Crusader Forts to
establish feudalism
Then, in 1147 Edessa
falls
The Pope
calls the
Second
Crusade
Second Crusade
Saladin,
leader of the
Muslims
began
retaking land
won in the
first Crusade.
Saladin’s Empire
Third Crusade
Crusade of the Three
Kings
Frederick
Barbarossa of the
Holy Roman
Empire
Richard the
Lionhearted of
England
Was called to re-take the
Holy land captured by
Saladin.
Philip
Augustus of
France
Reconquista Crusade
• The retaking of Spain by Christians.
The Aftermath
• Ideas and “Stuff” brought back from
Crusades
Effects of the Crusades on
Europe
• Increased trade with the Middle
East and Byzantine Empire
• Growth of money economy
• Increased power of the monarchs.
• Increased power of the Church
• Wider world view – new inventions /
ideas brought back.
• Europeans want more stuff from
Asia
– Age of Exploration Begins
Long Term Effect #1:
Long Term Effect #1:

Interaction between Western Europe and Muslims
in Middle East- Cultural Diffusion
Long Term effect #2:
Long Term effect #2:

Increased trade between Europe and Middle East
Long Term Effect #3:
Long Term Effect #3:

Italians act as middlemen in the trade between W
. Europe and Middle East- they become wealthyleads to renaissance
Long Term Effect #4:
Long Term Effect #4:

Growth of towns and cities along crusader routes;
weakening of feudal system
The Magna Carta
• English King John was a bad
king so his nobles forced him
to sign it
• Limited powers of king.
• Signed in 1215
• Example of Rule of Law
Magna Carta - 1215
• No royal official shall take goods from
any man without immediate payment.
• No free man shall be imprisoned except
by the lawful judgment of his equals or
by the law of the land.
• In future no official shall place a man
on trial without producing credible
witnesses.
• Courts shall be held in a fixed place at a
fixed time.
• The barons shall elect a House of Lords
for the creation of laws.
• The English church shall be free.
• For a trivial offence, a free man shall be
fined only in proportion to the degree of
his offence. Due Process of Law