Transcript The New Monarchs - Sprague High School

The New Monarchs
Objectives:
• You will be able to identify how the New
Monarchs embodied the ideas of Roman
leaders
• In what ways did Ferdinand and Isabella
united Spain?
The New Monarchs were not the
first kings, of course.
But these new monarchs—who lived
around the same time—offered their
countries a guarantee of law and
order
The New Monarch made use of Roman
law
• They incorporated the
will and welfare of the
people
• They enlisted the
support of the
merchants and middle
class
• They went a long ways
in establishing European
Nation-States
The New Monarchs came into power
after a previous period of instability
and warfare
The Inventions of Gunpowder , the
pike and longbow made it possible for
Kings to be less dependent on Knights
on horseback
Now, Kings could hire mercenaries
to supplement their armies. They
did not have to give concessions to
the powerful nobles.
After the Hundred Years War, England
was troubled by the War of the Roses
1455-1487
• The War was over
different families
wanting to take the
throne
• One was the House
of Lancaster, and the
other York. Both had
legitimate claims to
the throne
The Red Rose was for Lancaster, and
the White was for York
Henry VII finally gained power. He
married Elizabeth of York, and the
houses were united
• Henry passed laws
prohibiting nobles
from having their
own armies
• He created the Star
Chamber to settle
disputes—but he was
the ultimate authority
Over time, the Star Chamber became a
symbol of absolute authority
Henry VII always felt uneasy
about his claim to the throne
His son, Henry VIII, knew that it was
necessary that he, too, have a son to
prevent civil war
This is why his son, Henry VIII,
would end up with six wives, in his
effort to gain a son—something we
will learn about shortly
In France, there was Louis XI
“The Spider”
• He was called “The Spider” for his
manipulative ways
• With force, cunning, and diplomacy, he
brought order to France
• He subdued
the nobles
and made
their
territories
part of
France
When Cardinal Balue defied Louis, he
was sentenced to live in a cage
Ferdinand and Isabella
• Ferdinand of Aragon
married Isabella of
Castile in 1469. Now
there would be a united
kingdom of Spain
• They toured their
regions and promoted
the unity of the Catholic
Church in Spain
They completed the Reconquista, or
conquering of the Moors
• The Moors, Spanish Muslims, were expelled
from Spain
They provided financial support for
Columbus’ voyage in 1492
They also expelled the Jews in 1492
Their goal was to create a “Pure
Catholic” Spain
• A Spain without Jews or Muslims
The Spanish Inquisition begins
There will be other inquisitions.
The term inquisition will
come to mean the Catholic
Church’s “clamping” down
on a certain religious
group, a country, or an
individual
Spain was the land of the crusade
• Crusade against
Protestants
• Crusade against
Jews
• Crusade against
Muslims
• Crusade again
South American
Indians
The National
character of
Spain and the
Catholic
church
become one
All these crusades
gave Spain a
common cause, but
also a reputation as
being closed off,
forbidding, and
backward
Charles V, Holy Roman
Emperor
• He lived after the time of the New
Monarchs—but he represents a new
monarch in the area of Germany and
Eastern Europe
Ferdinand and Isabella were his
maternal grandparents
• Charles V’s mother was
“Crazy Juana,” who
kept her husband’s body
with her for years after
he died
He inherited lands from all
his grandparents
• Such was his influence, that we
will refer to him throughout this
course as simply “The Emperor”
The Emperor
He was a Hapsburg because that was
his paternal Grandfather’s name
Years of Genetic inbreeding produced
a misshapen jaw that would be known
as the Hapsburg Jaw
Charles V faced many threats in his
lifetime
• The Hungary was invaded by the Turks, and
faced defeat at the battle of Mohacs in 1526
Charles also faced the emerging
Protestant Reformation
He tried in vain for 35 years to
preserve the unity of his Hapsburg
lands
He retired to a monastery and died,
after dividing his Kingdom between
his son and brother