Transcript The Age of Exploration

CHAPTER 6 – DAY 1


“ You cannot discover new oceans, unless you have the
courage to leave the shore”
 Andre Gide
EQ:
 What caused European exploration?
 What countries were the early leaders of exploration?

Columbus Journal,
Columbus Cartoon,

Political Cartoon Activity

1
The Age of Exploration
2
INTRO

After the Crusades,
Europeans were
increasing their contact
with the rest of the world,
especially Asia (India, and
China)

As a result of the
Renaissance, Europeans
were curious about the
world and desired to
explore
3
EVENTS LEADING UP TO EXPLORATION


The Crusades were Christian
attempts to retake the Holy lands
from Muslim control (Jerusalem)
They did not succeed…
 The crusades caused
Europeans to come into
contact with other parts of
the world and they
desired to set up trade
with these places.
Marco Polo’s writings about his
Travels in Asia also fascinated
Europeans and peaked their
curiosity.
4
ESTABLISHING TRADE ROUTES
Over time trade routes were established to
Asia.
 Goods that Europeans desired the most were
silks and spices
 Soon these traders ran into difficulties as the
trip was long expensive and dangerous.
 Muslim raiders attacked and pillaged the
European caravans.

5
SEEKING A NEW ROUTE




Because of the difficulties of the land routes to Asia,
new technology and curiosity.
Europeans sought to find all-water routes to Asia.
Portugal was the early leader in Exploration mainly
because of the support its monarchy gave to
exploration
Prince Henry- The son of the Portuguese King who set
up a school for navigation in Portugal. His Nickname
was the Navigator. –

Prince Henry the Navigator
6
IMPORTANT EARLY VOYAGES BY THE
PORTUGUESE


IN 1488 Bartholomeu
Dias became the first
European to sail around
the tip of Africa.
In 1498 Vasco De Gama
was the first European to
sail around Africa and
successfully make it to
India.

**The first all water
route to Asia
7
DAY 2
 The
Sun bakes them, the hand breaks them, the
feet step on them, and the mouth taste them?
What are they?
 EQ;
 Who
were some important explorers?
 What was the Americas like before Europeans arrived?
 Columbus
day debate, p. 192
 Aztec movie,
 Pizarro Handout
8
THE SPANISH START TO EXPLORE




In 1492 Christopher
Columbus sails West
thinking that he could find a
quicker and safer water
route to Asia that way rather
than around Africa.
He set sail in three ships
The Nina, The Pinta and the
Santa Maria
Later that year he lands in
Hispaniola (Cuba) and
“Discovers America”
9
COLUMBUS’ INTERACTION WITH NATIVES
Columbus wrongfully assumes that he has
reached the outer area of India and calls the
Natives “Indians”.
 In his journal he describes the natives as
inferior, simple, and gullible.
 His main interest on the island is Gold and later
writes of his intention to colonize the people
and land.

10
EARLY SPANISH VOYAGES IN AMERICA
11
OTHER IMPORTANT EXPLORERS





Amerigo Vespucci – The man who America is
named for.
Fernando Magellan – first man to circumnavigate
the world
Francisco Pizarro - Conquistador who captured
and controlled South America- The Incas
John Cabot – Italian who explored the New
England Coastline after Columbus
Ponce De Leon – explored modern day Florida
and claimed it for Spain
12
SPANISH AND PORTUGUESE CLASH


The Spanish and Portuguese
then began clash and disputed
each others land claims.
Since both were Catholic
countries the Pope stepped in
and mediated the Treaty of
Tordesillas

1494 Spain and Portugal
agreed to divide the
Western Hemisphere lands
between them. Lands to the
west of the line went to
Spain, Lands to the East
went to Portugal
13
AMERICAN SOCIETY AND CULTURE
BEFORE EUROPEANS CAME





In the America’s there were three great native societies
Aztec – Mexico, and central America
Incan - South America
Mayan – Mexico, Yucatan Peninsula
Some of these societies were really advanced with the Aztecs having
irrigation systems roads and the largest city in the world (Tenochtitlan)
14
THE SPANISH CONQUER THE AZTECS




Cortes – Spanish Conquistador
who conquered the Aztecs.
Conquistadors – Spanish word
literally meaning Conqueror
and refers to Spanish warrior /
explorers such as Cortes and
Pizarro.
Montezuma- The leader of the
Aztec empire during era of
Conquistadors.
Europeans were far superior in
weapons, but the most
devastating weapon was
diseases they brought with
them such as measles, mumps,
chicken pox and typhus
15
DAY 3





“Even the smallest person can change the course of history”
 Fellowship of the Ring – J.R. Tolkein
EQ:
 What was the Atlantic slave trade?
 Why did Europeans need slaves?
Land perspectives handout,
Equiano’s mid passage account,
Timeline Handout
16
COLONIZATION




Colony - Land taken over by another country in order
to extract labor or raw materials, such as gold, cotton,
sugar cane, or tea.
The Spanish colonized much of central and South
America
The Portuguese also colonized South America
Over time, there was Full Scale colonization of the
Americas by European countries
17
THE ENGLISH COLONIZATION OF
NORTH AMERICA

The English started colonizing N.A. after its defeat of the
Spanish Armada in 1588

The First English Colony in American was Jamestown Virginia 1607.


Capt. John Smith kept the Settlement afloat by trading with the
Natives for food.


The situation was difficult. Swampy, unhealthy land, Disease from
mosquitoes, attacks from Native Americans, not enough food.
Thanksgiving
The English later turned things around and established 13
successful colonies
18
JAMESTOWN IMAGES
19
THE ATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE




The Atlantic Slave Trade refers to
The buying and selling of Africans
for work in the America’s
Europeans needed labor to grow
crops on the bountiful land that
they had obtained.
They looked to use captured
African prisoners of war to fill
their demand for labor
Europeans obtained slaves by
trading goods to Dominant tribal
leaders.
 Most were POWS, That had
been captured by a rival tribe
20
TRIANGULAR TRADE ROUTE AND THE
MIDDLE PASSAGE

The Triangular trade- refers
to the movement of people
and goods from Europe to
Africa to America



Europe to Africa –
manufactured goods to Africa
Africa to America – slaves
(middle passage)
America to Europe – Cash
crops, Sugar, Coffee, and
Tobacco
21
THE MIDDLE PASSAGE




The Middle Passage refers
to the very harsh journey for
slaves from Africa to the
America’s
The slaves were crammed
into a cargo hold below the
deck where it was hot.
There were no bathrooms,
no showers which added to
the problems of sickness,
disease, and lack of food
Imagine the sights and
smells.
22
PLANTATION SLAVERY



Plantations were large
farms usually worked by
numerous slaves
Usually farmed Sugar,
cotton, tobacco or other
cash crops
Life for slaves in the
America’s was Very harsh
working from sun up till sun
down under extreme
conditions
23
IMPACT ON AFRICA

The slave trade had two
distinct effects on Africa


Depopulation
Increased wars between
tribes
24
DAY 4
Should Columbus be honored as a hero, or
seen as a villain?
 EQ:

 What
European country dominated the Molucca’s
or Spice Islands?
 What attracted Europeans to Southeast Asia?
Sect. 3 guided reading,
 Vocab review

25
DAY 5

Forget your last for the rich man's gold, all you
need is in your soul“
 Lynyrd
Skynyrd
Test
 Ch. 7 Intro

26