Transcript Jarrett Americas ppt OL 13

The Americas: Pre-Columbian Empires to Colonies
MONDAY, NOVEMBER 11
TURN IN HOMEWORK
Scavenger Hunt “The Americas”
(14 clues)
“Horrible
Histories”
Video (The
Americas)
Renaissance HW 1-4 (due
Friday)
Benchmark Test is
Wednesday
The Americas: Pre-Columbian
Empires to Colonies
 This Power Point presentation
goes with the Mastering the TEKS
in World History book by Jarrett,
Zimmer, and Killoran.
 Unit 4, Chapter 12
Essential Questions
 What were the major social, economic,
political, and cultural characteristics of the
Maya, Inca, and Aztec civilizations?
 What were the major achievements of the
Maya, Inca, and Aztec civilizations?
The Kellogg Institute
Background: Early
Americans
 Nomadic Asians followed
herd animals into the
Americas.
 American Peoples
experienced their own
Neolithic Revolution.
 Pre-Columbian (before
Columbus) Civilizations
Grew maize (corn)
Did not live in river
valleys
Developed complex
societies
UCLA.edu
How did the Ice
Age effect the
population of
the Americas?
What if it had
not occurred?
The Maya (1500 B.C. to 1546 A.D.)
 Present day Guatemala
 Each city had a chief who was half man and half god
 Social Structure
Hereditary nobility (performed sacred ceremonies
and assisted ruler)
Craftsmen (made goods for nobility)
Farmers (most people)
 Warlike people who
practiced human sacrifice
Based on the information
above, what type of
religion did the Mayans
have?
Harvard.edu
Built
magnificent
cities with
palaces,
temples, and
pyramids
Developed a
system of
hieroglyphics
or picture
words
What similarities does
Mayanhave to
this civilization
Achievements
the Egyptian
civilization?
Complex
system of
math with use
of zero, 365
day calendar
Created
colorful
murals and
created a
popular ball
game
The Aztecs (1200-1521)
Present day Mexico
Grew crops in “floating gardens” in wet,
marshy lands
Complex Social Structure:
Emperor who was all powerful
Nobility served in government, army officers,
and priesthood
Commoners who worked as
farmers, fishermen, craftsmen,
and warriors
Slaves
Religion: Polytheistic
 Warlike group that conquered
all surrounding tribes
Wku.edu
Built complex
temples that
were aligned
based on the
movements of
the sun and
moon
wikipedia
Created
accurate
calendars
based on the
sun
Compare
the Aztecs
Aztec
to the
Maya
Achievements
Calendar SFA.edu
UNM.edu
Built a large
empire with a
complex
government
structure and
large cities
wikimedia
Sacrificed
humans to
their main
god, the Sun
god. Sacrifice
was need to
keep the
universe in
motion
The Inca Empire (122-1535)
Present day Peru,
Ecuador, Bolivia,
and Chile
Terrace farmed and
grew potatoes and
other root crops
Raised llamas and
alpacas for food,
wool, and
transportation
Uncp.edu
Machu Picchu
Built
thousands of
miles of roads
to connect the
empire
Built a large
empire that
covers present
day Peru,
Ecuador,
Bolivia, and
Chile
Excellent
engineers that
built buildings
out of fitted
stones
How are the
Incas different
from other
Neolithic
Inca
Civilizations
Achievements
you have
studied?
Inca Quipu Larco Museum Collection
Used a system
of knotted and
colored ropes
(quipu) for
communicatio
n instead of
writing
Pre Columbian Art
La balsa Muisca (The Muisca raft), a pre-Columbian
gold sculpture representing the Muisca´s offerings of
gold.
Aztec jade mask depicting the god
Xipe Totec
Carved Mayan flint
dagger.
Describe PreColumbian art
based on these
works of art.
Inca Jar
Mayan jade mask
The Aztec
goddess
Coatlicue, mother
of earth.
Women’s Roles in Mesoamerica
 Women:
Harvested grains
Prepared food (made maize into flour)
Cared for livestock
Cared for children and home
Some sold goods in markets
Some were artisans
Some worked as priestesses
Does this suggest a strictly patriarchal
society? Explain.
 Objective:
Americas Scavenger Hunt
 Students will use images to determine the impact of the civilizations of the Americas.
 Directions:
 Students will work in groups of four to six (a total of 6-8 groups) to correctly match
images and clues related to the Americas.
 Procedures:
 Groups will elect one representative to go to the front of the room.
 The teacher will hand each representative one clue to the various pictures posted
around the room. Each representative will receive a different clue, so groups will
start at different images around the room. (color coded clues work best to keep
groups separate)
 Students will remain at the front of the room with their clue until the teacher says
“go”.
 Once the teacher says “go”, the group reps can meet with their group members and
find the image that corresponds with their clue.
 Once they have matched the clue with the picture, they bring the clue back to the
teacher.
 If they have matched the clue correctly with the picture, they can move on to the
next clue. If they have matched the clue incorrectly, they must go back to their
source and rethink their answer.
 The steps are repeated until all clues have been matched correctly by each group.
 Once the class has finished the scavenger hunt, students will use the clues to answer
the big picture questions about the civilizations of the Americas. Groups must be
prepared to explain their answers to the class.
The Columbian Exchange
Jarett Publishing
Why the Interest in Exploration?
 Asia
 Marco Polo’s writings
sparked European
interest in Asia
 Asian goods, especially
spices and silk, were
sought after in Europe
 The Silk Road was cut off
by the Ottoman Turks
 Renaissance:
 A new spirit of inquiry
arose
 Europeans wanted to
explore the oceans
 New technology allowed
for better navigation,
especially the compass
and triangular lateen sail
Caravel: TAMU.edu
What impact did the
Ottoman Empire have on
European Exploration?
The Age of Discovery
 Both Spain and Portugal
wanted to establish trade with
Asia and financed overseas
exploration
 Spain’s Rulers, Ferdinand and
Isabella:
 Captured the Muslim areas of
Spain
 Expelled Spain’s Jewish
Community
 Reunited all of Spain under
Christian Rule
 Sough to spread Christianity
across the world
 Portugal
 Prince Henry developed a lighter
sailing ship
 He sponsored expeditions along
the coast of Africa
Ferdinand and Isabella
wedding portrait, unknown
artist
Why would European
monarchs spend so
much money on
exploration?
Christopher Columbus
(1451-1506)
 Sea Captain from
Genoa, Italy
 Sailed west in 3 ships
in hopes of finding a
quicker route to Asia
 Sponsored by the
King and Queen of
Spain
 Found instead the
Americas
 This new land
brought riches and
raw materials to
Europe
Why would Columbus risk his
life to find a new trade route?
The Columbian Exchange
 Goods from America to
Europe:
 Tomatoes
 Goods from Europe to
America:
 Corn
 Wheat
 Potatoes
 Sugar
 Peppers
 Cattle
 Squash
 Horses
 Pineapples
 Pigs
 Chocolate
 Sheep
 Tobacco
 Chickens
 Turkey
 Grains
Wikipedia.com
What other items might
have been exchanged
besides food and
animals?
How is this
map
different
from the
previous
one?
Later Explorers
 Vasco de Gama (1460-1524):
 Portuguese
 Discovered an all water route to
India
 Sailed around the tip of Africa in
1497
 Ferdinand Megellan (14801521):
 Portuguese
 1st to sail around the world
(1519)
What dangers might
these men have faced
in these voyages?
Other Explorers
 England:
 John Cabot: claimed parts of
North America
 France:
 Jacques Cartier: explored
the St. Lawrence River
 Samuel Chaplain: explored
the Great Lakes area
 Robert de la Salle: explored
the Mississippi River
 Dutch:
 Henry Hudson: explored
Hudson Bay and Hudson
River looking for a
“Northwest Passage” to Asia
Lesson Suggestions
 Explorers Activity
 Nystrom Atlas Activity 44: Europeans Explore and Settle
in the Americas
The Conquest of the Americas
wikipedia
The Conquest of Mexico
 1519: Hernando
Cortez sailed from
Cuba to Mexico.
 The Aztecs first
thought the Spanish
were gods
 1521 Cortez
attacked the Aztecs
with the help of
other Native
Americans.
 The Aztecs were
defeated mainly
because a smallpox
epidemic had broke
out and killed many
of them.
Based on what you know
about the Aztecs, why would
other tribes help Cortez?
The Aztecs surrender to
Cortex, The British Library
The caption means “Now the
Mexica (Aztecs) were finished.”
The Conquest of Peru
 1530 Francisco Pizarro left
Panama to conquer the Incas.
 The Incas just had a civil war.
 The Spanish pretended to be
friendly and ambushed and
killed the emperor. Spain won
because of their superior
technology.
 In 1533 Pizarro captured the
Inca capital.
 The Spanish forced the Inca to
become Christian and were
used as a labor force.
What advantages in
Conquistador fighting the Incas
technology did the
Spanish have over the
American natives?
Colonial Latin America
 Latin America= blend of
European and Native
American culture
 Government: Viceroys
(governor) ruled each
Spanish province.
 Spanish born citizens filled
most positions in the
government and military.
 Gold and silver from the
Americas was shipped
back to Spain. This made
Spain the strongest
European power.
What problems in
governing such a
large territory might
the Spanish have
ushistory.com
faced?
Colonial Society
 Conquistadors: (Spanish
Nobles) owned the land
 Native Americans:
worked the land
 Priests: tried to convert
the Indians to
Christianity and keep
them from becoming
slaves
Colonial Society
 After a while this social
order developed:
 Noble officials and
landowners born in Spain
(peninsulares): head of
colonial society
 Spanish people born in
the New World (creoles)
 Mixed Spanish and Native
American people
(mestizos)
 Native Americans (did
most of the hard work)
What observations do
you have about this
social structure?
New France
 Canada and along
Great Lakes down the
Mississippi River
 French missionaries
tried to convert the
Indians
 By end of 17th century
the territory covered
3/4th of North America
 Sent animal skins and
pelts back to France to
make hats
How might the population of
New France create problems
for the ruling government?
New Netherlands
 Around present-day
New York
 Traded with native
peoples
 Colony was
controlled by Dutch
West India Company
 New Amsterdam
(New York City) had
a good harbor and
became the center
for trade.
The coastline claimed by New
Netherland and some settlements
shown relative to modern borders.
wikipedia
The English Colonies
 1607: English established
Jamestown in Virginia
 1620: Pilgrims establish
colony in Massachusetts
 1630: The Puritans settle
near the Pilgrims
 Eventually 13 colonies arose
along the Atlantic coast
The Atlantic Slave Trade
 Disease killed many
Native Americans
 A new labor force was
needed in the New
World
 In Africa conquering
tribes sold their
captives to the
Europeans
Based on the map, which
European power
acquired the most
African slaves?
The Atlantic Slave Trade
 15 million Africans were
enslaved
 11 million went to
Spanish colonies
 Many died coming across
the Atlantic in what has
become known as the
“Middle Passage.”
Disrupted African
Culture:
destroyed Africa’s
culture and heritage
and led to violence,
bitterness, and social
upheaval
Encouraged African
Warfare:
captured slaves were
traded for guns, rum,
and other manufactured
goods
Legacy of the
Transatlantic Slave
Trade on Africa
Increased Cultural
Diffusion:
ideas, good, and
cultures were
exchanged in Africa
and the Americas
How has African
culture effected
American society
and culture?