Transcript Chapter 13 Diversity, Conflict, Union

Chapter 13
Diversity, Conflict, Union
Section 1
Mediterranean Europe
I. A history of Ancient Glory
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Civilization was born here. Reasons
1st, the mild climate made survival easier.
2nd, the nearby Mediterranean sea
encourage overseas trade and where able to
trade ideas & goods.
1. Greece: Birthplace of Democracy
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Ancient Greece left a lasting legacy to modern
civilization.
The city-state of Athens developed the first
democracy.
It helped inspire the U.S. system of govt.
Greek science, philosophy, drama, & art helped
shape modern culture.
In 400s B.C., conflict with Sparta, a rival city-state
weaken Greece.
2. The Roman Empire
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As the Greece lost power, a state to the west was
rising, Rome, which ruled most of the Italian
Peninsula by 275 B.C.
They grew by conquering territory overseas,
including the Iberian & Balkan peninsulas.
They started ruling by an emperor, ending the
republic.
One of Rome’s overseas territories was Palestine, the
place where Jesus was born, Christianity spread and
became it official religion.
II. Moving Toward Modern Times
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The 3 Mediterranean peninsulas had very
different histories.
The Balkan Peninsula stayed part of Eastern
Empire.
Italy saw birth of the Renaissance.
Portugal & Spain launched the Age of
Exploration.
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1. Italian City-States: The invaders who
overran the Italian Peninsula had not tradition of
strong central government. Italy became divided into
many small states & stay that way for centuries.
In 1096, European Christians launched the Crusades,
a series of wars to take Palestine from the Muslims.
Renaissance, between 14th & 16th century, & it was
inspired by classical art & writings.
In 1347, the bubonic plague reached Italy from Asia
& killed millions of Europeans.
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2. Spain’s Empire: In the 700s, Muslims from
North Africa conquered the Iberian Peninsula.
They had controlled until 1492, when Spain’s
Catholic rulers, Ferdinand & Isabella , retook it.
Queen Isabella also paid for Christopher Columbus’s
first voyage, through these voyages they where able
to spread Catholicism & The Spanish & Portuguese
languages throughout the world.
III. A Rich Cultural Legacy:
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Mediterranean Europe’s history
shaped its culture by determining
where languages are spoken &
where religions are practiced
today.
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1. Rome’s Cultural Legacy: Unlike
many areas of Europe that Rome conquered,
Greece retained its own language.
Portuguese, Spanish, & Italian are Romance
Languages that came from Latin, the language
of Rome.
Greece is Eastern Orthodox Christianity &
Roman Catholicism is strong in Italy.
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2. Centuries of Art: Greece & Italy have
ancient ruins, such as the Parthenon.
Spain has Roman aqueducts structures that
carried water for long distances, & Muslim
mosque.
Renaissance painting & sculpture. Artistic
legacy, artists as Pablo Picasso of Spain.
IV. Economic Change
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Because of the Mediterranean
region’s sunny climate &
historic sites, tourism has long
been a large part of its part of
its economy.
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1. Agriculture to industry: