Transcript Europe - Net Start Class

Europe:
Physical
Geography
Europe’s Peninsula’s and Coastlines
• promotes trade & transportation
• Western Europe
–no nation further than 300 mi.
from Atlantic
–aided exploration and
colonization around the world.
“Peninsula of Peninsulas”
Scandinavian
Peninsula
•Northern most
peninsula
•Made up of
Finland, Norway
& Sweden
•Very rocky terrain
•Lots of fjords
Scandinavia
• Fjord: A
long,
narrow,
deep inlet of
the sea
between
steep slopes
Jutland Peninsula
•Directly across from the North Sea from Scandinavia
•Contains most of Denmark & a small part of
Germany
•Rolling hills & swampy terrain
Iberian Peninsula
Spain
and
Portugal
Cliffs of Iberian Peninsula
Northern Meseta, Spain (plateau)
•Home to Italy
•Known for its Boot shape
•Home to many Eastern
European Countries
•Mountainous,
transportation is difficult
Italian and Balkan
Peninsulas
Peninsula of Peninsulas
•Scandinavia
•Norway,
Sweden,
Finland
•Jutland
•Iberia
•Spain,
Portugal
•ITALY
•BALKAN
Islands
-Great Britain (England/Scotland/Wales only)
& Ireland (Republic of Ireland
and N. Ireland)
-Greenland and Iceland are
tied to Europe culturally
-Sm. Mediterranean
Islands: Crete, Corsica,
Sardinia, Sicily
-All depend on trade
Cliffs of British Isles
Mountains
•Cut across France, Italy, Germany,
Switzerland, & Austria
The
Alps
•Separate Italy from the rest of
Europe
Apennine Mountains
• Divide Italy East & West
• Run like a spike down Italy’s center
Balkan Mountains
• Cut the Balkan countries off from the
rest of Europe
•Historically isolated the region’s many ethnic
groups from each other creating conflicts
Pyrenees
• highlands in S. Europe
–limited flow of people
& culture
• created & isolate
pockets of cultural
groups.
– For example, the Basques (n.
Spain in the Pyrenees)
– unique language not related
to any other in Europe. The
– have fought (violently) for
autonomy from Spain.
URAL MOUNTAINS
• Mark the EAST border of Europe; the dividing line
between Europe and Asia
Caucasus Mountains
• Mark the southern
border between The
Black and Caspian
sea
• Another border
between Europe and
Asia
Rivers
•Rivers bring people and
goods together
–Carry goods and ideas
–Connect Europe to the rest
of the world
Rhine River
• numerous ports cities
–developed to serve international trade.
–Rotterdam on the Rhine (Netherlands)
Is the busiest port in the world.
Rhine River
Danube River
The Rhine & Danube have historically been the
most important rivers in Europe
Danube River
EUROPE’S PHYSICAL
GEOGRAPHY
1. How does
Europe’s
landforms
and bodies
of water
provide
unity?
2. How does
Europe’s
landforms
and bodies
of water
create
divisions?
Forests and Farms
•A lot of forest has been cleared in Western
Europe
•They grow wheat, grapes, vegetables, and
dairy (potatoes in Ireland)
NORTH EUROPEAN PLAIN
• flat, fertile land
• allowed easier flow of people/goods
• once covered by dense forest; cut
down
–to build cities & to create farmland
NORTH EUROPEAN PLAIN (CEN. & E. EUROPE)
• lack of physical
barriers
• cultural crossroads
• multiple waves of
migration/invasion
– impact: multiple
ethnicities
– 1900s: creation &
division of
countries along
ethnic lines
– (world) wars
• YouTube - Political
Borders of Europe
from 1519 to 2006
Above:
http://www.stratfor.com/files/mmf/6/8/68ba9649382493867a83e
b5e91e42677ef34e888.jpg
Resources
• Coal & Iron Ore
essential for
industry; plentiful in
Europe.
• Oil & Natural Gas
found beneath the
North Sea in 1959;
major source of oil.
• 33% of land in
Europe arable; crops
include: grapes,
olives, grain.
• Peat is major source
of fuel in Ireland
• Timber is also a big
resource in Europe.
Highest population densities
–Northern European Plain
–From British Isles through Poland
II. Climate:
North Atlantic Drift
North Atlantic Drift
• Creates warmer climate in Western
Europe than most other places at that
latitude (current of warm water)
• Marine west coast climate covers
most of Europe from Northern Spain
across most of France & Germany to
western Poland.
• Prevailing Westerlies bring warm
climate to Western Europe.
CLIMATE:
Western Europe
• MODERATE climate
compared to regions
of similar latitudes
BECAUSE:
• CURRENTS: westerlies
(wind) carry warmth from the
North Atlantic Drift
(ocean current) to
Europe's coast.
Central & Eastern Europe
• Most affected by
CONTINENTALITY*—
located further inland away
from moderating effects of
currents
• most common:
– subarctic & tundra (Russia)
– humid continental
(4 seasons like NY)
CLIMATE (NORTH VS. SOUTH)
•
climates and ecosystems of S.
Europe
– greatly different from N.
Europe
– providing for economic
differences
Warmer
Colder
Nice and
Warm
Mediterranean
Marine West Coast
The
Mediterranean
•Hot, dry sunny
summers
•Mt.’s block cold
air from the North
•Desirable climate
for vacationers
•Includes Iberian,
Balkan, Italian
peninsulas.
Mediterranean Climate
•Sirocco: A hot, steady south wind
that blows from North Africa,
across the Mediterranean Sea into
Southern Europe
•Mistral: A cold, dry wind from the
north that affects the
Mediterranean climate of France
Northern Scandinavia
“Land of the Midnight Sun”
** Some summer days where the Sun never sets; and
some winter days where the sun never rises!!!!
•Tundra region only lichen & moss grow
•Subsoil stays permanently frozen year round
***See the Ice Hotel on pg. 280 in
your Book talk about Cool!!!!!
III. Human-Environment
Interaction
Polders in the Netherlands
•Built by the Dutch to reclaim the sea
•40% of Netherlands was once under Sea
•During storms the Dutch go to Terpens,
which are high, earthen platforms.
Canals in Venice, Italy
•City is built on a swamp that uses a
system of canals for transportation
• Gradually sinking due to all the
weight on soggy ground from buildings.
• Water pollution is a major problem.