Transcript World Geography Today Chapter 16

World Geography Today
Chapter 16
Southern Europe and the Balkans
Preview
Section 1: The Iberian Peninsula
Section 2: The Italian Peninsula
Section 3: Greece and the Balkan Peninsula
Chapter Wrap-Up
World Geography Today
Chapter 16
Section 1: The Iberian Peninsula
Read to Discover
• How have past events affected Spain?
• How is Portugal both similar to and different
from Spain?
World Geography Today
Chapter 16
Section 1: The Iberian Peninsula
Effect of History on Spain
• Great seafaring country, spreading language and religion around
the world
• Ruled by various peoples—Romans, Moors, Christians—who
brought religion, irrigation, new crops, crafts, trades, universities
• Built world empire in 1500s
• Shaken by wars in 1800s and 1900s
• Civil war in 1936 led to Franco dictatorship
• Constitutional monarchy today; 17 regions have different levels of
autonomy
World Geography Today
Chapter 16
Section 1: The Iberian Peninsula
Question
What are the similarities and differences
between Spain and Portugal?
World Geography Today
Chapter 16
Section 1: The Iberian Peninsula
Comparison of Spain and Portugal
Early
History
Spain
Romans,
Moors
Portugal Romans,
Moors
Language
Religion
Colonial
Territories
Recent
History
Economy
Spanish
(Latin
root),
Basque,
Catalan
Catholicism Americas,
Pacific,
Africa
Democratic
transition,
independence
movements,
immigration
Tourism,
textiles,
autos,
agricultural
products
Portuguese
(Latin root)
Catholicism Brazil,
Angola,
Mozambique,
Timor
European
Union,
democracy,
immigration
Tourism,
cork, wine
World Geography Today
Chapter 16
Section 2: The Italian Peninsula
Read to Discover
• How has Italy’s history affected its culture?
• What is Italy like today?
World Geography Today
Chapter 16
Section 2: The Italian Peninsula
Question
How does historic Italy
compare to modern Italy?
World Geography Today
Chapter 16
Section 2: The Italian Peninsula
HISTORIC ITALY
Romans
Huge empire;
developed
language,
laws,
architecture;
spread
Christianity
Middle Ages
Trade in
cities like
Florence,
Genoa, and
Venice;
increased
wealth
Renaissance
Renewed
interest in
learning; great
developments
in architecture,
painting, and
sculpture
Unification
Tremendous
growth in
economy
and industry;
membership
in NATO
and EU
World Geography Today
Chapter 16
Section 2: The Italian Peninsula
MODERN ITALY
Culture
Roman Catholic; Italian
language; some
northerners speak
French, German, or
Slovene; food: sauces,
pastas, sausages,
pastries; afternoon
rest; famous historical
buildings; democracy
Economy
Agricultural and
manufactured
products sold
around the world
(automobiles,
designer clothes,
fine food); north:
rich, industrial;
south: poorer,
agricultural
Current Issues
Southern Italy’s
economy with
high poverty and
unemployment;
soil erosion and
deforestation;
aging population;
low birthrate;
pollution
World Geography Today
Chapter 16
Section 2: The Italian Peninsula
Effects of History on Italian Culture
• Roman Empire left strong cultural legacy—
Language, laws, architecture
• Growth of Roman Catholic Church had major
impact
• Trade and wealth of Italian cities in Middle Ages
produced Renaissance art and culture
• Many foods can be traced to the 1400s
World Geography Today
Chapter 16
Section 2: The Italian Peninsula
Italy Today
• Modern developed country
• Noted exports—Cars, fashion, foods
• Two main economic regions—Industrial, wealthy north;
poorer, agricultural south
• Main cities—Milan, Genoa, Turin, Rome, Bologna,
Florence, Trieste, Venice, Naples
• Challenges—Developing the south; aging population;
pollution
World Geography Today
Chapter 16
Section 3: Greece and the
Balkan Peninsula
Read to Discover
• How did Greece develop into a modern
country?
• Why are the western Balkans politically
unstable?
• What changes are occurring in the eastern
Balkans?
World Geography Today
Chapter 16
Section 3: Greece and the
Balkan Peninsula
Question
How have the economy, society, and
government of Greece changed over time?
World Geography Today
Chapter 16
Section 3: Greece and the
Balkan Peninsula
GREECE
Economy
Society and Culture
Government
Once poor and
agricultural, now
modernizing and
industrializing;
joined EC in
1981; rapid
urbanization
causing pollution
Incorporated foreign
influences; great
contributions to the
arts, government,
philosophy, science,
and sports; higher
levels of education;
increasing
opportunities
for women
Historically,
independent citystates; birthplace of
democracy; controlled
by Romans and
Ottoman Turks;
military rule after
1967; democracy
since 1974
World Geography Today
Chapter 16
Section 3: Greece and the
Balkan Peninsula
Western Balkans
• Include Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia,
Macedonia, Slovenia, Serbia, Montenegro
• Political instability in the western Balkans results from a
long history of invasions, foreign control, and ethnic
conflict.
• Area has one of the most diverse human populations in
Europe.
• Ottoman Turks controlled much of the area by the late
1300s.
World Geography Today
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Section 3: Greece and the
Balkan Peninsula
Western Balkans (continued)
• After World War I, various Slavic peoples (including the
Bosnians, Croats, Macedonians, Montenegrins, Serbs,
and Slovenes) united as Yugoslavia.
• Communist rule maintained unity after World War II.
• End of communism allowed revival of ethnic and political
rivalries.
• Yugoslavia split up; violence erupted between Serbs,
Croats, Muslims, and Albanians.
World Geography Today
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Section 3: Greece and the
Balkan Peninsula
Eastern Balkans
• Many changes are taking place since the collapse of
communism, during the difficult transition to democracy
and free-market economies.
• Moldova—Struggling agricultural economy
• Bulgaria—Seeking to attract modern industries
• Romania—Trying to expand and diversify economy
• Common Problems—Low standard of living, health care,
clean water, housing, emigration
World Geography Today
Chapter 16
Chapter Wrap-Up Understanding the Main Ideas
1. How have events in Spain’s history influenced
other areas of the world?
2. How does Portugal’s history mirror Spain’s?
3. Which of Italy’s two major regions is the richest
and most industrialized? Why?
4. How has urbanization contributed to
environmental problems in Greece?
5. What factors have shaped the boundaries of
Yugoslavia (now Serbia and Montenegro)?