Transcript Injections
Injections Hana Svobodová Types of containers • Medications for injection are supplied in several types of container : • Vials • Ampules • Cartridges Utilising comfort measures ! Skill in administering injections minimizes pain ! Prior to injecting the medication : • select the smallest gauge needle possible for the medication and injection site. • inspect needle for sharpness • tap the area lightly with fingertips • rotate sites • During injection : • insert the needle quickly without hesitation • inject the medication slowly (time for absorption) • After injection : • withdraw the needle quickly • massage the injection site to encourage absorption of the medication into the tissues – massage firmly but gently • NOTE : contraindication is for intradermal injection, insulin, heparin Intradermal injection • = injection between layers of skin • needle length – 0,6 – 1,3 cm • syringe size – usually 1 ml (tuberkulin), common dosage is 0,01 – 0,1 ml • needle insertion angle – 5-15 degree • usualy i.c. (i.d.) are for DIAGNOSTIC purposes • the substance injected into the skin causes a local reaction : • Wheal • Blanched or reddened area • Itches (if the test reaction is positive) The most common sites: • aspect of the forearm or upper back • Hold the syringe almost PARALLEL to the surface • Do NOT massage the site after injecting the solution. • Observe the reaction – the first 30 minutes after (for possibilitiy of serious allergic reaction or anaphylactic shock). • Time for reaction varies from 15 min. to 24 hours. • (MANTOUX – tuberculosis test) SUB CUTANEOUS INJECTION Environment Preparation - Patient - Medication Administration Injection Sites Administering subcutaneous injections • s.c. is placed just under the deep skin layer • - the medication is absorbed more slowly the inj. i.m. or i.v. (during 20 – 30 minutes) • needle length - 1,3 – 2,5 cm • syringe size – usually less than 2 ml, common dosage is 0,5 – 2,0 ml • needle insertion angle - 45 or 90 degree Injection sites • the upper arm (m. biceps brachii) • the thigh (m. quadriceps femoralis,esp.for a self-administered inj.) • the abdomen • Dorsogluteal area • For daily medication (diabetics) – the inj. site is rotated on a regular schedule. Way of application : • - grasp the injection site between thumb and forefinger to form a pad of subcutaneous tissue Complications • • • • • • Aplication to vessel aplication to musculus Hypertrofy of subcutaneous tissue lipodystrofy atrofy of skin Infection of the puncture place • administering s.c. injectionhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v= hEtyrR0GhQg