Transcript Administration of drugs

Administration of drugs
Administration routes
and pharmaceutical form
Tea Baršić
Mirna Kudlač
Mentor: A. Žmegač Horvat
Methods of administering
drugs






oral administration
sublingual administration
rectal administration
parenteral administration
inhalation
topical application
Oral administration

by mouth

form:



tablets
capsules
syrups
Pros & Cons


convenient for the
patient
can be done at
home



possible destruction
or inactivation
possibly not
absorbable
useless in
emergency
Sublingual administration

under the tongue
absorption into sublingual veins

form: tablets

example: nitroglycerin

Rectal administration

into the rectum
when vomiting or unable to swallow

form:



suppositories
aqueous solutions
Parenteral administration






intracavitary
intradermal
intramuscular
intrathecal
intravenous
iubcutaneous

form: injections
Intracavitary injection

into a body cavity (e.g. peritoneal,
pleural)
example: nitrogen mustard
(intrapleural, prevents fluid
accumulation)

Intradermal injection

shallow
into upper layers of skin

example: allergy testing

Intramuscular injection




into muscle (buttock or upper arm)
when irritating to skin
when large amounts of long-acting drug
needed
example: adrenaline
Intrathecal injection


into space under meninges surrounding
spinal cord & brain
example: methotrexate (in leukemia)
Intravenous injection





into a vein
for immediate effect
when unsafe for other tissues
good technical skill needed (leakage
may cause irritation & inflammation)
example: heparin
Subcutaneous injection


into subcutaneous tissue (usually upper
arm, thigh, abdomen)
example: insulin
Inhalation

into nose or mouth
absorbed through alveoli

form: aerosols


example: anesthetics, antiasthmatics
Topical application

locally on skin or mucous membranes

form:





lotions
creams
ointments
transdermal patches
eyedrops, eardrops, nasal drops
References


Handout
Rang, Dale, Ritter, Moore:
Pharmacology, 1st Croatian edition
Thank you!