Transcript Jamieson L. Greaver, BS, RLATG

Canine
Injection
Techniques
Jamieson L. Greaver, BS, RLATG
Training Coordinator
Center for Laboratory
Animal Medicine and Care
Purpose of Injections
• A few of the reasons for giving
injections are administration of:
– Fluids
– Biologics
– Medications
– Test Agents
Safety Considerations
Use sterile injection techniques by preparing and giving
injections without causing contamination or needle-sticks.
Damaged
packages are not
sterile.
Check each
package for
tears or
damage.
Disposing of Sharps
Properly dispose of sharps to
prevent reuse and harmful waste.
DO NOT RECAP
NEEDLES!
Safety Considerations
Carefully follow manufacturers’ instructions for the
use of each medication and its proper storage.
Example, some medications must be:
– Have no preservatives, therefore
must be discarded after opening.
OR
– Kept between 35-45oF
OR
– Reconstituted with a specific
diluent
Safety Considerations
Wear all proper PPE
for the procedure.
Wash hands thoroughly and frequently!
Supplies Needed
• Before giving an injection, gather the
following:
– The drug or substance to be injected.
– Alcohol swab or alcohol moistened
cotton ball
– Correct size syringe
– Correct size needle
– Sharps Container- a hard plastic with a
screw-on or tightly-secured lid
Prior to Giving The
Injection
1. Disinfect the work area (where the drug
and syringe, etc will be set up)
2. Check the drug label:
–
Is it what has been prescribed?
–
Check the expiration date on the vial.
 Do not use a drug if:
–
It is past the expiration date
–
Precipitate is noted floating in the solution.
–
The solution is discolored.
Factors to Consider
• When choosing needle size, syringe size, and
injection site / route of injection there are several
factors which need to be considered:
– The type of the solution / medication.
– The viscosity (Thin / watery? Thick / sticky?)
– The absorption rate for the solution / medication.
– The size of the patient (Beagle? Hound? Something
larger?)
– The mobility status of the patient (Anesthetized?
Immobile? Fully conscious?
Venipuncture
• The cephalic
vein on the
inside of the
front limb
below the
elbow may
be used.
Venipuncture
• Hold off the vein by gripping and rolling laterally.
Venipuncture
• Prepare the site.
– Clip area
– Wipe with alcohol
Venipuncture
• Insert
needle,
bevel up,
into the
vein.
• Gently pull
back.
• Hold off
when
completed.
Venipuncture
• Medial
saphenous
vein on the
hind limb
can also be
used.
Venipuncture
• Jugular
Venipuncture
should be
performed in
the middle 1/3
of the jugular
vein.
• Bending the
needle, may
help to
maintain the
angle.
Factors to Consider:
IM Injections
• For IM (intramuscular) injections, in general:
– 21 to 23 gauge needle, 1 to 1.5 inches long.
– Intramuscular tissue is richly supplied with blood
vessels so the medication is more rapidly absorbed
by this route.
– Because there are fewer pain receptors in muscle
tissue, consider this site for the more irritating or
viscous solutions / medications. This will reduce
the possibility of tissue damage.
Factors to Consider:
IM Injections
• Intramuscular
injections may
be performed
in the thigh
muscles on
the front of
the rear limb,
or using the
hamstring
muscles on
the back side
of the rear leg.
Placement of intramuscular
injection into quadriceps
• Avoid hitting the
sciatic nerve, so
when injecting
into muscle, be
sure to direct the
needle away from
the sciatic nerve
(located medially
on the leg).
Factors to Consider:
SQ Injections
• For SQ (subcutaneous) injections, in
general, use:
– An 18 or 20 gauge needle, 1 to 1.5 inches long.
– SQ medications are deposited into the loose
connective tissue just below the dermis.
– This tissue is not richly supplied with blood
vessels so the absorption rate is slow.
– There are many pain receptors in this tissue so
only non-irritating, water-soluble medications in
small doses should be given by the SQ route.
Placement of needle for
subcutaneous injection
The loose skin over the shoulders and neck is
an ideal site for subcutaneous injection.
Interperitoneal
Injection
• In the stomach (IP)
• Insert the needle into the
lower right quadrant of
the abdomen with the
needle pointed toward
the head.
• Aspirate the syringe to
see if bodily fluid is
present before injection.
Placement of needle for
subcutaneous injection
• Syringes, extension
sets, and direct lines
from fluid bags can be
used.
Nasal Injections
• Given for allergies and
Bordatella shots
• Medication is injected
directly into the nose with
the use of a special spray
cap that is fastened onto
the end of the syringe
Nasal Injection
Procedures
• Dog’s head should be
tilted back
• Inject the spray into
each nostril
• Keep dog’s head in the
backward position for
two minutes to allow
medicine to run
Complications from
Injections
• Some of the
complications that
can arise from an
injection are:
– Irritation /
Inflammation
– Allergic Reactions
– Nerve Damage
How To Avoid Medication Errors
• Check the medication order
against the medication label.
• Follow manufacturers
instructions and the facility's
protocols.
• Observe the patient for how well
the medication and the injection
is tolerated.
• DOCUMENT medication, dose,
time, route, and immediate
response.
• Immediately report any adverse
situations, including errors.
Helpful Websites
•
AALAS Learning Library-Dog Biomethodology Courses
– https://www.aalaslearninglibrary.org/default.asp
•
Washington State University's College of Veterinary
Medicine
– http://www.vetmed.wsu.edu/ClientED/A-Z-Index.aspx
•
The University of Arizona Institutional Animal Care and
Use Committee (IACUC)
– http://www.iacuc.arizona.edu/training/dogs/index.html
Special Thanks!
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Dr. Bradford Goodwin, DVM
Dr. Mary Robinson, DVM
Dr. Nadine Matthias, DVM
Peggy Bek, RVT
Jackie Bludworth, BS,RVT
Amanda Sutton, RVT, ALAT
Reinaldo Mendez, BS, LATG
And to our awesome dog models– Bratt
– Jammer
– Bevo