Transcript Medication Techniques4-2 - Dr. Brahmbhatt`s Class Handouts

Equine Medication
Techniques
Chapter 4
Large Animal Clinical Procedures
Pg. 67
Parenteral Injection
Techniques
LACP, page 74
FDA
 Did you know that the FDA has a say-so
regarding injection sites for horses?
 ALWAYS read the directions listed on the
label of all medications before
administering. The FDA has approved
specific sites for medications to equines.
Route Selection depends upon:
 Your capabilities
 Tractability (how easy this can be
done) to the patient
 Toxicities of the medication
 Temperament of the patient
Parenteral Injection Techniques:
Most Commonly Routes used
 IM (Strictly speaking, any skeletal
muscle that can be accessed safely
can be used for an IM injection.
However we will discuss the most
commonly utilized muscles.)
 IV
 SQ or SC
 ID
Make Use of the Alcohol
 Always use alcohol soaked
cotton balls aka alcobals or
gauze when administering
injections.
 Don’t just wet the fur but get
down to the skin as well. Clean
the site until your cotton or
gauze is essentially clean.
Clear that area!
Intramuscular Injections
1. Brachiocephalicus-neck
2. Pectoral
3. Gluteal –no for race horses
4. Semitendinosis
5. Triceps Brachii-used ONLY when
all other sites have been exhausted! No
for race horses
This is your land mark for the lateral cervical
area (neck) in the brachiocephalicus or serratus
ventralis muscle for IM injections.
IM injection into the equine cervical muscles.
The needle should be inserted to its full depth.
Aspirate, and then the medication is delivered.
Please, Please…
 Aspirating is done for one important
reason.
 You need to make sure that you are not in
a blood vessel. What difference will this
make?
 If you just so happen to administer a
medication that is only for IM use into a
blood vessel you can KILL that animal. This
is VERY important with all animals. There
are some medications that simple can not
be administered IV.
 Observe for reactions (pruritus, facial edema,
hives or urticaria)
Pinching of the skin sometimes distracts from
the pain of the needle and can act as a
bandage over the actual needle track.
Insert the needle about 1 to 2
inches caudal to the skin pinch.
Pectoral muscle IM injection
location. Isolating the muscle.
Giving the IM injection. Personally I do not
prefer this site due to the location.
Insertion of the needle into the
gluteal muscle.
Attachment of the syringe AFTER
insertion of the needle.
The gluteal region
may be used for
IM Injections, but
the pectoral or
semimembranosis/
semitendinosis
muscles are
preferred sites for
IM injections.
The white tape
Represents the
Sciatic groove,
Hitting this can
Paralyze an animal.
This is the proper
Technique for giving
An IM injection into
The semitendinosis
Injection.
IM injection into the
Semimembranosis
and
Semitendinosis
Muscles in the horse.
Landmark lateral to the spine. Look
closely at this picture. What is wrong?
Tap, Tap
With your
Palm
Go Now!
Insert the needle!
Intravenous
Injections
1. Can be given into any visible
or palpable vein, safely.
2. The jugular vein is the most
accessible, safest and popular
vein used today.
Always insert your needle into the cranial half of
the jugular groove. If you hit the carotid artery
the medication will flow with great speed to the
brain and cause the horse to faint and/or die.
A needle is placed into the jugular vein to
administer intravenous medication to a horse
Location of the lateral thoracic vein. Needle
sizes can vary from 14 to 22 ga in diameter
and be 1 or 1 ½ inch in length.
Subcutaneous Injections
1. Are the
easiest to
perform.
2. Most common
place: lateral
aspect of the
neck.
Intradermal Injection
1. Very rarely used to administer
medications.
2. Only volumes of less than 1ml
can be injected into the skin at
a single site.
3. A visible bleb should appear in
the skin.
Intravenous Catheterization
CORRECT
POSITION
INCORRECT
POSITION
Enemas
1.Rarely used today.
2.Commonly given to newborn foals
to encourage passage of the
meconium (fetal feces). No special
equipment involved, can use
human pediatric enema solutions.
3.Procedure is not painful.
4.Follow directions for adult horses,
pg 94.