Transcript Chapter 9, Section 1

Chapter 9, Section 1
War in Ancient Greece
How did the Greek-Persian Wars start?
• Persians conquered Greek city-states in Ionia
• Athenians helped them by burning the Persian
city of Sardis
• Darius, Persian king was furious. He wanted to
revenge against Athens.
First Greek Persian War, 490 B.C.
• Persians Land at Plain of Marathon, 26 miles
from Athens.
• 20,000 Persian soldiers, including cavalry and
archers; 10,000 Athenian foot soldiers
• Athenians attack at dawn. Persians panic and
flee onto their ships.
Battle of Marathon
Which side are Greeks?
Second Greek-Persian War, 480 B.C.
• Xerxes gathers a force of 100-300 thousand soldiers.
• Soldiers march over land, Persian supply ships sail by
sea.
• King Leonidas and 300 Persians try to stop the Persians
at the Pass of Thermopylae, but are betrayed by a
goatherd.
• Xerxes burns Athens, but Athenians had fled to the
islands.
• 1,200 Persian ships chase the Athenian navy but are
ambushed at the straits of Salamis and rammed by
Greek triremes.
• Persians return home, defeated.
Battle of Thermopylae
Betrayed by a Goatherd
Classwork
• Discuss with your partner: How might our life
now be different of the Persians had won the
war?
– Beard?
– Language?
– Government?
• Answer Map Skills questions, p. 276
Delian League
• The Delian league was headed by Athens. It
collected money to build warships to defend
the Greeks against the Persians.
• The money was kept in the treasure on Delos.
• It was supposed to be an alliance of equals
(150 members), but wasn’t.
Athens abuses its power
• It forced members to join or stay in the
league.
• It continued to collect money even when
there was no fighting
• It moved the treasure to Athens
• It used the money to build the Parthenon
(temple to Athena that stood on the acropolis)
Parthenon
Statue of Athena
Replica of Parthenon in Nashville, TN
Acropolis
Peloponnesian League
• Sparta had its own league of polis (city-states)
that were on the Peloponnesian Peninsula.
• Allies in the league were oligarchies, like
Sparta.
Classwork, read p. 276-277
1. What is the name of the Athenian leader
who rebuilt Athens? (p. 276, “Athens Rivals
Sparta”)
2. What were the two Greek rival cities and the
name of their leagues?
3. What was the purpose of the Delian League?
(top of p. 277)
4. Why was it called Delian League? (last
sentence on p. 276)
5. Were members of the Delian League equals?
(second paragraph, p. 277)
The Golden Age of Athens
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Age of Pericles (Athenian leader who rebuilt the city)
Athens is known for its art and learning
Most wealthy and powerful of all!
Duration: 480-433 B.C., from the time Athens
win the Battle of Salamis until the
Peloponnesian War.
Sparta and Athens Go to War, 431 B.C.
• After Athens imposed a trade ban on a Spartaallied polis, war broke out.
• Pericles to farmers: move inside the city walls
• Sparta laid siege to Athens.
• Supplies arrive by sea (protected by a walledin road)
Piraeus (port of Athens)
Pair-share: what’s happening?
The Age of Pericles, by Philipp Von Foltz. (1853)
Pericles gave the Funeral Oration after 490BC to honour the
Athenian soldiers who had died at one of the opening battles of
the Peloponnesian War.
Athens Surrenders
• Pericles and many others die of a plague
• A truce is reached in 421 B.C. but it doesn’t
last
• Sparta blocks the Athenian port; forces Athens
to surrender.
• Road-to-port walls are demolished.
• Sparta tried to ban Athenian democracy!
Pair-Share
• Who helped Sparta build up its navy against
Athens? (p. 279, second paragraph)
• Why do you think it did so? (not in the book)
Classwork: Answer Key Terms
Questions, p.279
Use the following terms to describe
war in ancient Greece
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Battle of Marathon
Battle of Salamis
Delian League
Peloponnesian League