Transcript The Peloponnesian Wars & Alexander the Great

The Peloponnesian Wars &
Alexander the Great
Cleaning Up
• Spartans try to keep Athens from building
back.
• After Xerxes leaves, the Greeks still have
Persians on Aegean islands and in Ionia that
they have to clear out.
• Spartans and Peloponnesian cities pull out of
the Hellenic League (no surprise there)
• Athens forms the Delian League
Delian League
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# of cities
Pericles
Tribute
Treasury moved to Athens
Welcome to the Hotel California
• You can check into the Delian League, but you
can’t check out
– Naxos
– Aegina
• What do you think? Was this right? Should
they have been able to secede from this union
of city states?
• How does this compare with the War Between
the States in American history?
Athen’s Golden Age
• Spartan – Athenian Skirmishes
• Treaty – The Thirty Years Peace
• Building of the Parthenon (Temple to Athena)
– Contest between Athena and Poseidon
• 40 Foot Zeus in temple at Olympia
• Socrates teaching
• Thirty Years Peace lasted 14 years
Peloponnesian War(s)
Among the losses that both sides experienced:
• Battle losses – “the Greeks tearing each other
to shreds…” (Bauer)
• Economic costs
• Plague
• Famine (not able to plant)
Aristophanes writes Lysistrata
Alcibiades
• Subverts the Peace of Nicias - pressures
Athens to support Egesta against Corinthians
colonies
• Goes over to the Spartans and leads them to
attack Attica
• Impregnates the wife of the Spartan king and
flees to Asia Minor
• Encourages the Persians satrap to play the role
of Clint Eastwood in “A Fist Full of Dollars”
Spartans Win
The Thirty Tyrants
• Established in Athens by the Spartans
• Murdered
– Political enemies
– Those whose possessions they desired
– Those whose ideas threatened them
• Overthrown by people of Athens
• 403 BC start of a new era in Athens (?)
Rebuilding
• Still squabbling with others and with
themselves
• Anti-intellectual climate
• Convict and execute Socrates in 399 BC
– Convicted of corrupting the youth and being and
not believing in the gods
– Actually, he had the wrong friends
• Alcibiades
• Kritias
More Squabbles
• Greek mercenaries fighting with Cyrus against
Artaxerxes II
• Corinthian War over rule of the Ionians cities
– three years
– Spartans invite the Persians back into the fray
• Athenians assist the Egyptians in their struggle
against the Persians
Peace
• Ended up being Enforced by Persia
• At this point there are serious attempts at
pan-Hellenism, they weren’t very successful
• Decades later (340 BC) Phillip of Macedon
attacks Athens, after being invited to do so by
Isocrates, the priests at Delphi, and others.
Phillip II becomes King
– While hostage in Thebes had learned how to make
war
– Becomes king after death of his brother
– Married to Angelina Jolie
– How did Phillip lose his eye?
– Buchephalas and Alexander
– Aristotle becomes Alexander’s tutor
The Corinthian League
• Established to confront Persians
• Phillip has domestic issues and is murdered
• Alexander takes leadership of Macedonia and
the Corinthian League
• Athens and Thebes Withdraw
The Path To Empire
Detours
• Gordian Knot
• Ammon Oracle
• Diogenes the Cynic
His experience with the High Priest of Israel