Transcript The Peloponnesian War

The Peloponnesian War
Athens and Their Allies
Vs.
Sparta and Their Allies
Learning Goals
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The students will understand how the
differences between Sparta and Athens
eventually lead to the downfall of them
both.
The students will learn what Pericles did for
Athens.
The students will understand why certain
groups band together and become allies.
The students will know what effect Socrates
had on Greece and the future.
Hellenic League
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Most all Greek City States, including Athens.
All against Persia. Just in case they return,
but let’s also take the war to them, and
retake the Greek City States around the
Aegean Sea.
Once an Athenian took over the lead of this
league, Sparta and its allies left.
They decided to reform the old
Peloponnesian League.
The Hellenic League became the Delian
League (Headquarters the on island of
Delos).
Choosing Sides
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If I gave you two people, and told you
to choose a side, how would you
choose?
Is it possible that you might ever
unite?
Delian
League
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All allies of Athens
Democratic
Governments and Trade
economies
Navy supplied and run
by Athens
Others paid a fee
Could not leave the
league unless dismissed.
Peloponnesian
League
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All allies of Sparta
Oligarchies and Agrarian
(farming) Economies
Had the stronger Army
Voluntary to be a part of this
league
Pericles
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He was the leader of Athens during its “GOLDEN AGE”
in which the Athens formed the DELIAN LEAGUE =citystates give Athens money to be ready for future Persian
invasions. Under his rule of 40 years he:
1.
Rebuilds temples destroyed by the Persians including the
Parthenon
2.
Built the Long Walls connecting Athens to the sea for
defense
3.
Had art, philosophy, and literature grow
4.
Led Athens in the Peloponnesian War
Video Review
•
The Peloponnesian War
Peloponnesian War
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Pericles builds the walls to Piraeus.
Peloponnesian War
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Athens forbade a Spartan ally to trade.
Athenians attacked Spartan ally
around 433 BCE.
LET’S GET IT ON!!!!
Pericles advised Athenians to lock
themselves in his new walls, hoping
Sparta would get tired after a few
years.
Peloponnesian War
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Pericles Gamble
Athenians did not want to hide. PRIDE!!!
Plague struck. Lasted 4 years. Killed 1/4-1/3 of all
Athenians.
Athenians came out to fight.
Both won and lost battles.
Peace treaty in 421, but did not last long. Athens
just bought time to regroup.
Spartans eventually won.
War ended around 404 BCE. Lasted almost 30
years.
Peloponnesian War
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Democracy ended, for now.
Spartans set up an oligarchy of 30 men.
Eventually Spartans began to collect money
from other city states, but to belong to the
Peloponnesian League was supposed to be
voluntary.
Both city-states were weakened by the war.
The Fall of Sparta
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Spartans attacked Thebes.
Thebans defeated the Spartans
Few Greeks were willing to fight for the
survival of the Peloponnesian League.
It disintegrated in the following years and
was dismantled in 365.
Sparta was no longer a power as it once
was.
Democracy, but not power, returned to
Athens.
Review
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At its height the Delian League numbered some two hundred
members which met annually on Delos. Athens was its
undisputed leader and gradually used the alliance as a
springboard for its own imperial ambitions. By 454, when the
League's treasury was transferred to Athens and used to fund
monuments of imperial splendor such as the Parthenon, it had
become an empire in all but name. Five years later a
permanent peace was made with the Persians and its very
reason for existing was no longer valid.
The League and the power it gave Athens over the rest of
Greece were to become one of the major reasons for the
Peloponnesian War against Sparta and its allies.
Review
Peloponnesian War in Song
•As the Athenians try to expand their trade and empire
they come into conflict with an ally of Sparta leading to
the Peloponnesian War.
•Sparta only wins the war after over 30 years of fighting
by getting the Persians to give them a fleet.
•The Athenians lose power as the most powerful citystate.
•Sparta will not rule long after the war as the city-state of
Thebes will take power from the Spartans.
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Learning Goals
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The students will understand how the
differences between Sparta and
Athens eventually lead to the downfall
of them both.
The students will learn what Pericles
did for Athens.
The students will understand why
certain groups band together and
become allies.
Big Quarterly Question
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How did the Athenians react to the teachings
of Socrates?
They thought his ideas were dangerous.