Transcript Peloponnesian War and the Rise of Macedonia

Today’s Vocab
 Peloponnesian War- War between Athens and Sparta
that brought to an end the Athenian Empire.
 Phillip II- King of Macedonia who conquered the
Greeks in 338 BC.
Warm UP?
 What were the 3 types of Greek Columns we
discussed?
 Ionic
 Doric
 Corinthian
Cause and Effect: Competition between Sparta and
Athens
Cause
Competition
between
Sparta and
Athens.
Sparta formed
alliances to
challenge
Delian League
Effect
Both the Spartans and
the Athenians were
not trying to avoid conflict!!
Will start the
Peloponnesian
War
 Spartans had a superior Army and were well protected on
land
 Athens had the strongest Navy in Greece
 Therefore both city-states had different advantages!
How could strengthening democracy have
helped Athens to war?
1.
Leaders could be swayed by
popular opinion
2.
Civic pride could convince
some citizens that Athens
was invincible!
How might the war increase Athens’ trade
and prestige?
1.
Navy would be able to
conquer more ports (more
foreign trade)
2.
Keep Athenian enemies
from trading with other
cities
How could war be used to expand or
strengthen Athens empire?
1.
The victory would make
Athens dominant in:

Military

Economy

Culture
Peloponnesian War
 When did it begin?
 431 BC
 Who started it?
 The Spartans
 Who had the early advantage?
 Spartans went into the
Athenian countryside, burning
everything in their way (food
especially). Pericles was
forced to bring in all the
people into the walls of Athens
for their protection.
 Are the Athenians going to go
hungry?
 No, as long as they can bring
in food from the water.
 What events occurred that hinders
Athenian success?
 During 2nd year of war a plague killed
1/3 – 2/3 of Athenian citizens!
 The defeat of the Athenian fleet in 415
BC at Syracuse
 Who won the war?
 Sparta
 What was the affect on Athens?
 The war was catastrophic for Athens.
Never regaining their strength.
 The city was still wealthy, was the
center of culture, but never political
power again.
 What was the affect on Sparta?
 Sparta had won the war but had no
idea what to do.
 They didn’t become a great city, nor did
they build a new empire.
Rise of Macedonia
 Why was the kingdom of
Macedonia able to grow?
 Because the Spartans and
Athenians were fighting the
Peloponnesian War against
each other!
 Where is Macedonia located?
 North of Greece
 Kingdom of people in
mountain villages
 Thought of themselves as
Greek, but Greeks looked
down on them
 Who ruled Macedonia?
 King Phillip II
King Phillip II of Macedonia
 Became King of Macedonia
when he was only 23 yrs
old in 359 BC.
 Created a well trained
army out of peasants.
 He organized his army
into phalanxes (A
formation of infantry
carrying overlapping
shields and long spears)
which proved to be very
successful.
 Wanted to control Greece
and destroy Persia
Macedonian Success
 In 338 BC the Macedonians
easily defeat the Greeks
due to city-states inability
to work together
 The Greeks still had
control of their local
affairs, but the
Macedonian’s had control
over Greece!
 In 336 BC Philip II was
killed and his son
Alexander became king at
20 yrs. old.
GRAPHIC ORGANIZER
REFLECTION/EQ
 EQ: EXPLAIN HOW THE RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN THE GREEL CITY-STATES LEDS TO THE
RISE OF MACEDONIA?
 THINK ABOUT THE FOLLOWING…
How could Democracy have pushed Athens into war?
2. What were the strengths of the Athenian and Spartan
military?
3. What event helped cause the Athenian defeat?
4. Did Sparta benefit from their victory?
1.
Reflection/EQ
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
What significance did Macedonian success have for
the Greeks? What did it create for their country that
they rarely have had before?
How could Democracy have pushed Athens into
war?
What were the strengths of the Athenian and
Spartan military?
What event helped cause the Athenian defeat?
Did Sparta benefit from their victory?
Summarize the events that led to the fall of Ancient
Greece.