Transcript USH2 Unit 5: America and the World

USH2 Unit 5: America and the
World
Lesson 5.2 = WW1
Essential Questions
What were the causes of WW1?
 Why did the USA enter WWI in 1917?

Triple Entente vs. Triple Alliance
pg 549

USING THE MAP ON
PAGE 549…..WHAT
ALLIANCE HAS A
MAJOR ADVANTAGE
SHOULD WAR
BREAK OUT
BETWEEN THE
TRIPLE ENTENTE
AND THE TRIPPLE
ALLIANCE?
THE UNITED STATES ENTERS
THE GREAT WAR

MILITARISM,
ALLIANCES,
IMPERIALISM, AND
NATIONALISM LED
TO WW I IN
EUROPE. ATTACKS
ON U.S. SHIPS AND
AMERICAN SUPPORT
FOR THE ALLIES
EVENTUALLY
CAUSED THE
UNITED STATES TO
ENTER THE WAR.
CAUSES OF WW I
IN THE LATE 1800’S,
GERMANY AND FRANCE
WERE ENEMIES.
 GERMANY JOINED ITALY
AND AUSTRIA-HUNGARY IN
THE TRIPLE ALLIANCE TO
KEEP FRANCE IN CHECK
 FRANCE, RUSSIA, AND
GREAT BRITIAN FORMED
THE TRIPLE ENTENTE TO
PREVENT GERMAN
AGGRESSION
 THIS SYSTEM OF ALLIANCES
ENCOURAGED MILITARISM –
THE BUILDUP OF ARMED
FORCES.

AP 1 Talking Heads
1’s = Why did France and Germany form
alliances?
 2’s = How does the Alliance system lead
to Militarism?

Causes of WW1
NATIONALISM IS
INTENSE PRIDE IN
ONE’S HOMELAND, CAN
BE DANGEROUS
 IMPERIALISM LED
EUROPEAN POWERS TO
FORM EMPIRES.
 IMPERIALISM LED TO
CONFLICT BETWEEN
AUSTRIA-HUNGARY
AND SERBIA
 IN JUNE 1914, A SERBIAN
NATIONALIST KILLED
THE HEIR TO THE
AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN
THRONE

AP 2: CAUSES OF WW1
M
A
I
N

The Alliances are triggered
GERMANY BACKS AUSTRIAHUNGARY, ENCOURAGES ACTION
AGAINST SERBIA (natural allies)
 RUSSIA PLEDGES TO SUPPORT SERBIA
AGAINST AGGRESSION (natural allies)
 AUSTRIA-HUNGARY’S DECLARATION
OF WAR AGAINST SERBIA WOULD
PULL ALLIANCES INTO WAR
 FRANCE, RUSSIA, GREAT BRITAIN, AND
ITALY BECAME ALLIES
 GERMANY, AUSTRIA-HUNGARY, THE
OTTOMAN EMPIRE, AND BULGARIA
BECAME CENTRAL POWERS

Venn: Now that War has Begun!!
Central Powers vs. Allies
The Schlieffen Plan Fails!!
THE GERMAN PLAN TO AVOID A TWO
FRONT WAR (SCHLIEFFEN PLAN)
FAILS…
 Force a quick French surrender, and then
concentrate on the Russians.
 EVENTUALLY, BOTH SIDES BECAME
LOCKED IN A STALEMATE IN FRANCE
= WESTERN FRONT = TRENCH
 IN RUSSIA (EASTERN FRONT) THE
GERMANS AND AUSTRIANS MOWED
DOWN THE RUSSIANS

Let’s Break it Down Simple = MAIN
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XRcg
_t2oJkc
3
2
1

Review for WW1
Long term causes?
Short term or immediate cause?
AMERICAN NEUTRALITY ?



MOST AMERICANS
FAVORED THE ALLIES
THE BRITISH WORKED
HARD TO WIN U.S.
SUPPORT = PROPOGANDA
NATURAL ALLIES W/
BRITISH AND FRENCH =
SHARED LANGUAGE,
CULTURE, HISTORY AND
TRADE INTEREST
AP : TPS
Why does the United States try to
remain neutral?

MOVING TOWARD WAR


MOST AMERICANS DID
NOT WANT WAR, BUT
MANY EVENTS WOULD
DRAW US IN
UNRESTRICTED
SUBMARINE WARFARE =
SINKING OF THE
LUSITANIA
USA DECLARES WAR




THE ZIMMERMAN NOTE
WOULD CONVINCE MOST
AMERICANS THAT WAR
WAS NECESSARY
IN FEB. 1917, GERMANS
BREAK SUSSEX PLEDGE
AND CONTINUE
UNRESTRICTED
SUBMARINE WARFARE
AFTER SINKING 6
AMERICAN SHIPS, WILSON
ASKED CONGRESS TO
DECLARE WAR ON
GERMANY
IT DID SO ON APRIL 6, 1917
AP: Cause and Effect
Activity
Guided Reading
 16-1

Learning Log







SUMMARIZE THE LONG TERM
CAUSES OF WW 1.
WHAT WAS THE IMMEDIATE/
SHORT TERM CAUSE OF WW1?
HOW DID THE ASSASINATION
OF FRANZ FERDINAND
TRIGGER THE ALLIANCE
SYSTEM?
ONCE WAR BROKE, WHO WERE
THE CENTRAL POWERS? ALLIES?
HOW DID THE GERMAN PLAN
TO FIGHT A 2 FRONT WAR
FAIL?
WHAT WAS FIGHTING LIKE ON
THE WESTERN FRONT?
EASTERN FRONT?
SUMMARIZE THE REASONS THE
UNITED STATES EVENTUALLY
DECLARED WAR.
WW1 Part 2
focus

List the reasons why
the United States
decided to get
involved in WW1.
Essential Question

How did the United
States use
progressive ideas
during World War 1?
Home Front
THE HOME FRONT

TO FIGHT WORLD
WAR 1, THE
AMERICAN
GOVERNMENT USED
PROGRESSIVE IDEAS
AND NEW
GOVERNMENT
AGENCIES TO
MOBILIZE THE
POPULATION AND
ORGANIZE THE
ECONOMY.
Brainstorm: What is Progressivism?
ORGANIZING THE ECONOMY





CONGRESS CREATED SPECIAL
AGENCIES TO PREPARE THE
ECONOMY FOR WAR=
THE WAR INDUSTRIES BOARD
COORDINATED THE
PRODUCTION OF MATERIALS
THE FOOD ADMINISTRATION
ENCOURAGED PEOPLE TO
GROW THEIR OWN FOOD IN
VICTORY GARDENS
THE FUEL ADMINISTRATION
INTRODUCED DAYLIGHT
SAVINGS TIME AND
SHORTENED WORK WEEKS TO
SAVE
THE GOVERNMENT RAISED
MONEY FOR WAR THROUGH
TAXES AND BONDS
MOBILIZING THE WORKFORCE





THE NATIONAL WAR
LABOR BOARD TRIED TO
AVOID LABOR STRIKES
PUSHED FOR WAGE
INCREASES, 8 HR WORKDAY,
AND RIGHT TO UNIONIZE
IN RETURN, LABOR
LEADERS AGREED NOT TO
STRIKE
WOMEN TOOK OVER MANY
JOBS AS MEN WENT OFF TO
WAR
THE GREAT MIGRATION
SUPPLIED MANY FACTORIES
IN NORTH W/ AFRICAN
AMERICAN LABOR FROM
SOUTH
SHAPING PUBLIC OPINION



THE COMMITTEE ON
PUBLIC INFORMATION
HIRED ADVERTIZERS AND
ARTISTS TO SWAY PUBLIC
OPINION
THE GOV’T ALSO LIMITED
OPPOSITION TO THE WAR
AND ESPIONAGE = CIVIL
LIBERTIES WERE
SUPPRESSED
ESPIONAGE ACT OF 1917
MADE IT A CRIME TO
OPPONLY OPPOSE THE
WAR. 1,000 CONVICTIONS
Propaganda
AP: SUMMARIZE IN YOUR OWN
WORDS

In what ways did progressives transform
our nation in order to win the war?
BUILDING THE MILITARY








WHEN THE UNITED STATES
ENTERED THE WAR IN 1917, IT
DID NOT HAVE ENOUGH
SOLDIERS
CONGRESS SET UP A NEW
SYSTEM OF CONSCRIPTION
CALLED THE SELECTIVE SERVICE=
ALL MEN BETWEEN AGES 21 AND
30 MUST REGISTER FOR DRAFT
A LOTTERY RANDOMLY DECIDE
THE ORDER IN WHICH
INDIVIDUALS WERE CALLED
BEFORE LOCAL DRAFT BOARD
THESE BOARDS SELECTED AND
EXEMPTED MEN
MEMBERS OF DRAFT BOARD
WERE LOCAL CIVILIANS
SEEN AS BEING MORE
DEMOCRATIC
PROGRESSIVISM!!!
BUILDING THE MILITARY - CONTINUED






EVENTUALLY ABOUT 2.8
MILLION MEN WERE DRAFTED,
ABOUT 2 MILLION
VOLUNTEERED.
SOME WANTED TO FIGHT
AFTER HEARING ABOUT
GERMAN ATROCITIES
OTHERS WANTED TO FIGHT
FOR DEMOCRACY
MANY SAW WW1 AS AN
OPPORTUNITY FOR
ADVENTURE
TROOP MORALE WAS HIGH
DURING WW1, DESPITE HEAVY
LOSSES
DURING THE WAR 50,000
AMERICANS DIED DURING
COMBAT, AND 200,000 WERE
WOUNDED
Talking Heads
How was the Selective Service seen as
being progressive?
 Why did many Americans volunteer to go
to war?

AFRICAN AMERICANS IN THE WAR
ABOUT 42,000 OF THE
400,000 AFRICAN
AMERICANS WERE DRAFTED
INTO SERVICE IN THE WAR
OVERSEAS
 AFRICAN AMERICAN
SOLDIERS FACED
DISCRIMINATION AND
PREJUDICE IN THE ARMY
 THEY SERVED IN RACIALLY
SEGREGATED UNITS
 DESPITE OBSTACLES, THEY
FOUGHT WITH
DISTINCTION. TWO
AFRICAN AMERICAN
DIVISIONS (92ND AND 93RD)
FOUGHT IN BATTLES
ALONG WESTERN FRONT

WOMEN JOIN



WOMEN OFFICIALLY
SERVED IN THE ARMED
FORCES FOR THE FIRST
TIME IN WW1.
THEY SERVED IN
NON=COMBAT
POSITIONS = CLERICAL,
RADIO OPERATORS,
ELECTRICIANS, CHEMISTS,
ETC (NAVY)
THE ARMY ONLY
ALLOWED WOMEN AS
NURSES
AP: SHORT ANSWER
What role did women play?
 African Americans?

Activity

Shell Shocked
Learning Log









WHAT DOES THE TERM “HOMEFRONT
IMPLY”?
HOW DID THE UNITED STATES RAISE
MONEY TO FIGHT FOR THE WAR?
WHAT IMPACT DID WORLD WAR 1
HAVE FOR WOMEN?
WHAT IMPACT DID LABOR
SHORTAGES HAVE ON AFRICAN
AMERICANS DURING THE WAR?
HOW DID THE COMMITTEE OF PUBLIC
INFORMATION HELP “SELL” THE WAR
TO THE AMERICAN PUBLIC?
HOW DID GOVERNMENT EFFORTS TO
ENSURE PUBLIC SUPPORT FOR THE
WAR CONFLICT WITH IDEAS ABOUT
CIVIL RIGHTS?
HOW WAS THE SELECTIVE SERVICE
SEEN AS BEING MORE DEMOCRATIC?
WHAT WERE CONTRIBUTIONS OF
AFRICAN AMERICANS DURING THE
WAR?
WHAT CONTRIBUTIONS DID WOMEN
MAKE TO THE MILITARY DURING WWI?
WW 1 part 3
Focus

How did the US government use
progressive ideas to mobilize for war on
the home front?
Essential Question
How can WW1 be considered a war of
attrition?
 What did Woodrow Wilson mean by
calling for “Peace without Victory?

War of Attrition
A BLOODY CONFLICT

TECHNOLOGY
CAUSED BOTH
SIDES TO LOSE
MILLIONS OF MEN
DURING WWI. THE
ARRIVAL OF
AMERICAN TROOPS
HELPED THE ALLIES
WIN, BUT THE
PEACE TREATY SET
THE STAGE FOR
ANOTHER WAR TO
COME.
TRENCH WARFARE



TROOPS DUG TRRENCHES
TO PROTECT THEMSELVES
FROM POWERFUL
ARTILLARY, AND MACHINE
GUN FIRE
ON THE WESTERN FRONT,
TRENCHES STRETCHED
FROM THE ENGLISH
CHANNEL TO THE SWISS
BORDER
SPACE BETWEEN
OPPOSING TRENCHES
CALLED “NO MANS
LAND”…..COMBAT WAS
BRUTAL!!
AP: summarize in your own words
how trench warfare is an example
of attrition.
NEW TECHNOLOGIES



GERMANS BEGAN USING
POISON GAS,THEN THE
ALLIES
BRITISH INTRODUCED THE
TANK TO BREAK
THROUGH BARBWIRE TO
GET TO ENEMY TRENCHES
AT FIRST, THE AIRPLANE
WAS USED FOR
RECONAISSANCE,
EVENTUALLY LED TO
“DOG FIGHTS”
THE AMERICANS ARRIVE


ABOUT 2 MILLION
AMERICAN SOLDIERS
FOUGHT IN WW1 =
INEXPERIENCED…BUT
GAVE HUGE MORALE
BOOST!!!
CONVOY SYSTEM
ALLOWED TROOPS TO
REACH EUROPE
AP talking heads
1’s = new technology
 2’s = convoy system

RUSSIA LEAVES THE WAR




IN MARCH 1917, RIOTS
BROKE OUT IN RUSSIA
AND ITS LEADER STEPPED
DOWN
THE BOLSHEVIK PARTY
LED BY VLADIMIR LENIN
EVENTUALLY OVERTHREW
THE PROVISIONAL GOV.
RUSSIA PULLS OUT OF
WAR
WHAT SHOULD GERMANY
DO NOW?
AMERICANS ENTER COMBAT





GERMANY LAUNCHED A
MASSIVE ATTACK (2ND
BATTLE OF THE MARNE)
AMERICAN TROOPS
BLOCKED THE GERMAN
DRIVE TO PARIS
COUNTER OFFENSIVE =
DEVIL DOGS!!
FINALLY, ON 11/11, 1918,
GERMANY SIGNED AN
ARMISTICE , OR CEASE FIRE
GERMANS HAVE NOT
BEEN BEATEN, BUT THEY
CAN’T WIN
AP:
Summarize in your own words…..
 How did Americans impact the end of the
War?

Warhorse
WILSON’S 14 POINTS “Peace without
Victory”



5 POINTS AIMED TO
ELIMINATE CAUSES OF
WAR
8 POINTS ADDRESSED THE
RIGHT TO NATIONAL SELFDETERMINATION = “PEACE
WITHOUT VICTORY”
14TH POINT CALLED FOR
THE FORMATION OF A
LEAGUE OF NATIONS TO
KEEP PEACE
TREATY OF VERSAILLES






FRANCE AND GREAT BRITIAN
IGNORED WILSON
TREATY OF VERSAILLES MEANT
TO WEAKEN, PUNISH, AND
HUMILIATE GERMANY
IT REDUCED GERMANY’S
MILITARY AND FORCED IT TO
PAY WAR REPARATIONS, OR
WAR DAMAGES
TREATY DID INCLUDE THE
LEAGUE OF NATIONS, BUT USA
REFUSED TO JOIN FOR FEAR OF
ANOTHER WAR
THE US REFUSED TO SIGN
TREATY OF VERSIALLES
HARSH PEACE WOULD ENSURE
THAT WORLD WAR 1 WOULD
BE A MERE “DRESS REHEARSAL”
FOR THE LARGER CONFLICT
TO COME
AP
A Christmas Truce
Learning Log













What new technologies added to the war of attrition along the western front?
What impact did American soldiers have when they first arrived in Europe?
How did the United States win the war at sea?
What impact did Russia’s withdrawal have on the war?
What impact did American forces have on Germany’s final offensive?
What did Alvin York do to earn the medal of honor?
What did Eddie Rickenbacker do to earn the Medal of Honor?
When did WWI end?
What was Woodrow Wilson’s Peace Plan called?
The 14 points were based on what principle?
Why was the 14th point most important to Wilson?
What was France and Great Britain most concerned with during the Peace
talks?
Why did the US Senate reject the Treaty of Versailles?
WW1 part 4
Focus groups






What new technologies
added to the war of attrition
along the western front?
What was Woodrow Wilson’s
Peace Plan called?
The 14 points were based on
what principle?
Why was the 14th point most
important to Wilson?
What was France and Great
Britain most concerned with
during the Peace talks?
Why did the US Senate reject
the Treaty of Versailles?
Essential Question

What issues
challenged the
United States after
WW1?
RED SCARE
THE WARS IMPACT

AMERICA’S VICTORY
OVERSEAS LED TO
TURMOIL AT HOME.
THE END OF THE
WARTIME
ECONOMY LED TO A
DEPRESSION AND
FEARS OF
COMMUNISM, AS
STRIKES, RIOTS, AND
BOMBINGS TOOK
PLACE
AN ECONOMY IN TURMOIL
AFTER THE WAR, THE
GOVERNMENT REMOVED
ECONOMIC CONTROLS
 THE RESULT WAS
INFLATION, WHICH LED TO
A RISE IN THE COST OF
LIVING
 WORKERS WANTED
HIGHER WAGES, BUT
BUSINESSES WANTED TO
HOLD DOWN
OPERATIONAL COSTS
 UNIONS WERE LARGER AND
MORE ORGANIZED THAN
EVER BEFORE, LEADING TO
MORE STRIKES

INFLATION LEADS TO STRIKES






SHIPYARD WORKERS IN
SEATTLE ORGANIZED THE
FIRST BIG STRIKE
LED TO A GENERAL STRIKE =
ALL WORKERS IN A LOCATION,
NOT JUST WORKERS IN 1
INDUSTRY
WHEN POLICE OFFICERS IN
BOSTON WENT ON STRIKE,
RIOTS BROKE OUT
THE POLICE COMMISSIONER
HIRED A NEW POLICE FORCE
A STRIKE BY WORKERS AT US
STEEL WAS ONE OF THE
LARGEST STRIKES
THE COMPANY HIRED
REPLACEMENT WORKERS,
STRIKE FAILED
AP ECONOMIC UNREST
THE RED SCARE







THE STRIKES OF 1919 LED MANY
BELIEVE THAT COMMUNISTS WERE
TRYING TO START A REVOLUTION
COMMUNISM CALLS FOR THE
WORKERS OF THE WORLD TO UNITE
AND OVERTHROW CAPITALISTS
GOALS OF COMMUNISM ARE GLOBAL,
SO AMERICANS VERY CONCERNED
WHEN RUSSIA BECOMES A
COMMUNIST STATE
SEVERAL INCIDENTS LED TO THE
SCARE=
8 BOMBS IN 8 CITIES WENT OFF AT
SAME TIME IN 1919
ONE OF THE BOMBS DAMAGED THE
HOME OF US ATTORNEY GENERAL A.
MITCHELL PALMER
MOST PEOPLE BELIEVED THE
BOMBINGS WERE THE WORK OF
RADICALS TRYING TO DESTROY
AMERICA
THE PALMER RAIDS
PALMER SET UP A SPECIAL
DIVISION WITHIN THE
JUSTICE DEPARTMENT
 THE GENERAL
INTELLIGENCE DIVISION
WAS HEADED BY J EDGAR
HOOVER, BECAME THE FBI
 ALTHOUGH EVIDENCE
POINTED TO NO ONE
GROUP AS THE BOMBERS,
PALMER ORGANIZED RAIDS
ON FOREIGN BORN
RADICALS
 PALMER ROUNDED UP
MANY IMMIGRANTS AND
DEPORTED THEM

THE PALMER RAIDS CONTINUED
THE PALMER RAIDS WERE
CARRIED OUT WITHOUT
REGARD TO CIVIL RIGHTS
 HOMES WERE ENTERED
WITHOUT SEARCH
WRRANTS, PEOPLE WERE
JAILED
 AT FIRST PALMER WAS
PRAISED, BUT HIS
POPULARITY FADED WITH
LACK OF EVIDENCE OF
CONSPIRACY
 THE RED SCARE LED TO
ANTI-IMMIGRATION
FEELINGS AND A CALL TO
CONGRESS TO LIMIT
IMMIGRATION

AP: RED SCARE
RACIAL UNREST


MANY SOLDIERS
RETURNED HOME
LOOKING FOR WORK
SUDDEN JOB
COMPETITION BETWEEN
VETERANS AND AFRICAN
AMERICANS IN NORTH
LED TO RACIAL RIOTS
AP RACIAL UNREST
The Lost Generation

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=suEb
G3vMm2U
3
2
1

THE ELECTION OF 1920




BY 1920, MOST AMERICANS
WANTED AN END TO THE
UNREST
THE DEMOCRATS RAN
JAMES M COX, THE
REPUBLICANS RAN
WARREN G HARDING
HARDING CALLED FOR A
“RETURN TO NORMALCY”
HARDING WON BY A
LANDSLIDE
Activity: WW1
16-4 Guided Reading
Learning Log





WHY DID THE END OF
WW1 BRING SO MUCH
TURMOIL TO THE USA?
WHAT EVENTS MADE
AMERICANS BELIEVE A
REVOLUTION WAS
IMMINENT IN 1919?
WHAT LED TO RACIAL
RIOTS IN THE NORTH?
WHAT IS “A RED SCARE”?
WHAT IMPACT DID THE
PALMER RAIDS HAVE ON
CIVIL LIBERTIES?