Transcript Caroline Ellwood - Alliance for International Education

WAR
• ‘Now God be thanked who has matched me to
this hour ‘
• ‘What passing bell for those who die as cattle ?
• WAR IS–
• Glorious, patriotic, brings out the best in human
nature
• Vile, brings out the beast and the worst in
human nature
Facts and Causes
Studying wars .....
Facts can be proved
Causes are subjective, open to argument , bias ,
revision .
In an international school whose history are you
teaching?
Why do people go to war ?
 Discuss
answers
with your neighbour your
Some reasons…
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Honour
Power
Land
Wealth
Prestige
Resources , oil , gold,
Empire
A moral purpose
Religion
…………………………..Human nature !
Searching for truth
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Consider the point of view of each side....
The answer is not necessarily the middle way
Wars work through propaganda
Nationalism can obscure the truth.
The nearer to today the more difficult to
consider all the evidence
• The earlier the period the more difficult for lack
of evidence
Attitudes that encourage war...
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A Professional army
Nationalism
A strong belief in a cause
Greed
Glorification of war
Propaganda
Consider Henry V’s speech before Harfleur ..
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How does he create enthusiasm for war ....
Enthusiasm for War
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Band of brothers
Patriotism
National Identity
‘God with us’
Sacrifice
Honour
Excitement
A just cause
• Is there such a thing as a JUST WAR
The Criteria for waging a JUST WAR
Just Cause
Right intention
Proper authority and public declaration
Last resort
Probability of success
Proportionality
Conducting a just war
Non combatants must not be directly attacked
The means used for fighting should be
proportionate to the goals
• What wars on your list would pass the test of a
just war ?
Pacifism
Anti-War movements
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Pax Romana
(did not include barbarians )
Quakers ‘ Friends’
Ambulance unit
Red Cross
INDIVIDUAL CAMPAIGNERS
Mohandas Ghandi
William Lloyd Garrison
Fellowship of Reconciliation
Conscientious objectors
Henry Hodgkin
16,000 in WW1
67,000 in WW2 +1000 women
Martin Luther King
Peace Pledge Union
Dick Shepherd 1935
Campaign for Nuclear
130,000 postcards
Disarmament
What anti-war organisations exist in your country ?
Peace at Government Level
Who makes the decisions ?
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The Congress System - Europe
Wilson’s 14 Points –end of 1914-18 war
1919 Covenant of the League of Nations
Charter of the United |Nations 1948
Declaration of Human Rights
Strategic Arms Limitations Talks
And........
• Do you think that WW1 changed attitudes to war for the
future ?
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Studying wars .....
Remember ...causes are subjective, open to
argument , bias , revision .
Whose history are we teaching ?
W.W. 1
• 100 years after the start of WW1 –
• What examples can you give of good practice in
teaching about this war ?
War’s aim is nothing but glorious peace
Peace is war’s purpose
St Augustine