Transcript 4d American Revolution Cicero

The
American
Revolution
1775-1783
Interactive Guide
Causes of the
Revolution
Now &
Then
Strengths &
Weaknesses
Picture
Prompts
Strategies
Diagrams
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Causes of the Revolution
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The Enlightenment
This period exposed Americans to the
writings of natural rights philosophers
such as John Locke. Locke wrote that
people were born with rights such as life,
liberty and property. He went on to argue
that the role of the government should be
to protect these rights. Locke’s words
would be quoted in both Common Sense
and the Declaration of Independence.
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Salutary Neglect
For many years the British had taken a
hands-off approach to the colonies. They
were making huge sums of money from
the colonies and did not want to tamper
with a good thing. When the British
began to assert their authority after the
French & Indian War, the colonists
resisted, pointing to a history of self rule.
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The French & Indian War
1754-1763
The French & Indian War was a conflict that
started in North America over the disputed Ohio
Country. The war spread to Europe where it came
to be known as the Seven Years War. The war
forced the French and the British to send troops
and supplies to their American colonies. While
Great Britain was ultimately victorious, the war
would push the British deep into debt.
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Proclamation of 1763
This act forbid American colonists
from crossing the Appalachian
Mountains and settling the western
lands won from France after the
French & Indian War. The British took
this action to secure peace with angry
Native Americans who were willing to
fight to keep their lands.
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New Taxes
Beginning with the Sugar Act of
1764, the British looked to replenish
their treasury by imposing new taxes
on it’s citizens, including colonists in
America. This act led more and more
colonists to buy smuggled goods that
were not taxed.
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Stamp Act
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1765
This tax was different than the others in that it
was the first direct tax levied on the colonists by
Parliament. American colonists had always paid
taxes to their respective colonial governments
who, in turn, paid the British government. The
colonists had never complained before (well, not
as much) because they were able to vote for their
colonial officials. By passing the Stamp Act,
Parliament was in effect ignoring the colonial
governments. This led many colonists to
complain of “taxation without representation”.
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Townshend Acts
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1767
These were not just a series of taxes on
lead, glass, paint, tea, etc. They also
included laws that allowed British
officials to search homes for smuggled
goods (Writs of Assistance). This act
also outlawed the New York Assembly.
Colonists responded with a boycott of
all British goods.
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Boston Massacre
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1770
This event started as a protest against British
troops taking the jobs of colonists as well as
depressing wages in the city of Boston. British
soldiers who were sent to defend the Custom’s
House wound up firing on the mob of angry
colonists killing five and wounding six others.
This event, as portrayed by Paul Revere, was
used effectively as a propaganda tool by the
colonists.
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Boston Tea Party &
Coercive Acts
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This action was taken by a secret group known as the
Sons of Liberty to protest British taxes on tea. The
group boarded several ships, including the Dartmouth,
dumping 342 chests of tea into Boston Harbor. In
response, the British passed the Coercive Acts or
Intolerable Acts as the colonists called them. These Acts
shut down the port of Boston until the tea was paid for,
forced colonists to house and feed British soldiers and
allowed for colonists accused of a crime to be brought
to England for trial.
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Common Sense
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Thomas Paine, 1776
Paine published his pamphlet Common Sense in
1776. In it, he gave reasons for a break from
Great Britain. He pointed to the exploitation of
the colonies by the British and argued that the
relationship held no benefit for the American
people. The pamphlet would sell more than
500,000 copies and is credited with convincing
many colonists that independence was the only
solution.
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Strengths & Weaknesses
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Great Britain
Strengths
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Weaknesses
• Their population was 7.5
million compared to 2.5 million
colonists.
• Naval Power-Hundreds of
warships at their disposal
• Well trained and experienced
soldiers
• Troops- 50,000 British, 30,000
Germans, 30,000 Loyalists
• Great Wealth- Although their
treasury was drained from the
French & Indian War, the
British still had considerable
wealth.
• Second-rate, overconfident
generals
• Problems with Ireland
• Their army was a long way
from home and supplies.
• The huge amount of
territory in America made it
difficult to subdue the
population.
• The British never had the
desire to crush the people
who they saw as their
cousins.
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American Colonists
•
•
•
•
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Weaknesses
Strengths
• The colonies were badly
Great Leadership-Political
organized and never brought
(Franklin, Adams) and military
their full capabilities to bear
(Washington, Greene)
against the British.
The colonists were fighting a
• Limited Military Suppliesdefensive war on their own
Colonists were forced to melt
territory.
down statues of the King in
Help from Europe- France and
order to make ammunition.
Spain provide money and
(Defenders at Bunker Hill
supplies.
fired glass and rocks at British
Colonists believed they were
troops!)
fighting for a moral cause
• American soldiers were
(freedom)
inexperienced. These citizensoldiers often picked up and
left to take care of their
families and farms.
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Strategies
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• The British strategy was to
• The Americans believed that
blockade the American coast
they needed a quick victory over
using their powerful navy to
the British to prove that they
prevent colonists from
were serious about
receiving supplies.
independence.
• The British also sought to cut
• A few quick victories might also
off the New England colonies
convince Britain’s rivals in
by securing the Hudson Valley.
Europe to aid the American
cause.
• The British would later turn to
a capture and hold strategy,
• Washington would later depend
attempting to control the
on a hit and run strategy that
colonies by occupying the
kept his army together and
major cities.
frustrated the British at the same
time.
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Diagrams
American Difficulties - Cluster
Help From Europe – Cause & Effect
Treaty of Paris Terms – Comparison Chart
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Divisions in society about
independence from Britain.
American Hardships
Early in the War
Diagrams
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Divisions in society about
independence from Britain.
Short term enlistments kept
the army short of men
American Hardships
Early in the War
Diagrams
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Divisions in society about
independence from Britain.
Short term enlistments kept
the army short of men
American Hardships
Early in the War
Lack of supplies and
experienced soldiers
Diagrams
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Short term enlistments kept
the army short of men
Divisions in society about
independence from Britain.
American Hardships
Early in the War
Harsh conditions
at Valley Forge,
Monmouth, Morristown
Lack of supplies and
experienced soldiers
Diagrams
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Help From Europe
Cause & Effect
France and Spain enter the war
on the side of the Americans
Diagrams
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Help From Europe
Cause & Effect
France and Spain enter the war
on the side of the Americans
Spain ties up British
forces on the
Mississippi
Diagrams
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Help From Europe
Cause & Effect
France and Spain enter the war
on the side of the Americans
Spain ties up British
forces on the
Mississippi
France sends troops,
ships and supplies
along with
millions of dollars
Diagrams
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Help From Europe
Cause & Effect
France and Spain enter the war
on the side of the Americans
Spain ties up British
forces on the
Mississippi
France sends troops,
ships and supplies
along with
millions of dollars
Diagrams
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The British are forced to
send troops and ships to
the West Indies in order
to defend their colonies
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The Terms of the
Treaty of Paris
Favorable to America
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Diagrams
Favorable to Britain
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The Terms of the
Treaty of Paris
Favorable to America
The United States gained its
independence from Great
Britain.
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Diagrams
Favorable to Britain
The United States agreed
to return Loyalist’s
property.
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The Terms of the
Treaty of Paris
Favorable to America
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Diagrams
Favorable to Britain
The United States gained its
independence from Great
Britain.
The United States agreed
to return Loyalist’s
property.
Its boundaries now stretched
to the Mississippi in the west,
Canada to the North and
Spanish Florida to the south
The U.S. would pay any
pre war debts owed to
Britain.
The Terms of the
Treaty of Paris
Favorable to America
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Diagrams
Favorable to Britain
The United States gained its
independence from Great
Britain.
The United States agreed
to return Loyalist’s
property.
Its boundaries now stretched
to the Mississippi in the west,
Canada to the North and
Spanish Florida to the south
The U.S. would pay any
pre war debts owed to
Britain.
The U.S. gained the right to
fish off Canada’s Atlantic
coast.
The U.S. would renew
trade with Great Britain.
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Now & Then
Smuggling
Guerrilla Warfare
Combat Submarine
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Smuggling
Smuggling has been
going on for many
years. American
colonists would
smuggle just about
anything. In fact men
who smuggled rum
during colonial times
would often hide the
alcohol in their boots,
thus the term
“bootlegger”.
Now & Then
Today, like colonial
times, smuggling is
still a very profitable
business. The
smuggling of drugs,
immigrants,
endangered animals
and weapons is big
problem for
governments around
the world.
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Guerrilla Warfare
Guerrilla warfare was used
with great success
throughout the
Revolutionary War.
Colonists had learned this
style of hit and run fighting
from Native Americans
during the French & Indian
War.
Now & Then
Today, American soldiers
in Iraq face guerrilla
tactics almost every day.
Insurgents use remote
bombs and sniper attacks
to harass U.S. soldiers.
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The Combat Submarine
Today the United States
operates some of the most
sophisticated nuclear
powered submarines in the
world. These submarines are
capable of going months
without resurfacing and can
unleash unbelievable
firepower.
Now & Then
In 1776, an American Patriot
named David Bushnell
designed a radical new
weapon that was capable of
submerging beneath the
water and attacking an
unsuspecting enemy ship.
The first combat submarine
called Turtle used foot and
hand cranks to propel and
steer the vessel.
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Picture Prompts
George Washington Crossing The Delaware
The Bloody Massacre Perpetrated in King Street
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What Is Wrong With This Picture?
Picture Prompts
George Washington Crossing The Delaware, Emanuel Leutze 1851
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History Beyond The Textbook
What Is Wrong With This Picture?
Picture Prompts
The flag shown was not
created until June of
1777. The Grand Union
flag would have been
carried at the time.
George Washington Crossing The Delaware, Emanuel Leutze 1851
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History Beyond The Textbook
What Is Wrong With This Picture?
Picture Prompts
The boat was the
wrong size and
model. The actual
boats used had
higher sides and
were much bigger.
George Washington Crossing The Delaware, Emanuel Leutze 1851
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History Beyond The Textbook
What Is Wrong With This Picture?
Picture Prompts
Washington is shown
standing heroically in
the front of the boat.
He probably would
have been sitting to
keep from falling into
the water.
George Washington Crossing The Delaware, Emanuel Leutze 1851
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History Beyond The Textbook
What Is Wrong With This Picture?
Picture Prompts
While the Delaware did
freeze over in the
winter, it was too early
to see much ice in the
river, let alone ice the
size shown.
George Washington Crossing The Delaware, Emanuel Leutze 1851
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History Beyond The Textbook
What Is Wrong With This Picture?
Picture Prompts
While the sun is
shown rising in the
distance, the
crossing actually
took place in the
middle of the night.
George Washington Crossing The Delaware, Emanuel Leutze 1851
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History Beyond The Textbook
What Is Wrong With This Picture?
Picture Prompts
The Bloody Massacre Perpetrated in King Street, Paul Revere, 1770
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History Beyond The Textbook
What Is Wrong With This Picture?
Picture Prompts
The soldiers are all being
ordered to fire by their
commander. From the
testimony at the trial, we
know that the firing was
not ordered.
The Bloody Massacre Perpetrated in King Street, Paul Revere, 1770
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History Beyond The Textbook
What Is Wrong With This Picture?
Picture Prompts
The soldiers were
positioned outside the
Custom’s House. The sign
in the picture refers to
the building as “Butcher’s
Hall”.
The Bloody Massacre Perpetrated in King Street, Paul Revere, 1770
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History Beyond The Textbook
What Is Wrong With This Picture?
Picture Prompts
The crowd is shown unarmed
and defenseless. In fact, the
crowd threw snowballs and
many carried clubs.
The Bloody Massacre Perpetrated in King Street, Paul Revere, 1770
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