Transcript File
AIM: How did the threat of “mutally assured destruciton” (MAD) affect the Cold War? 1. Why were the 1950s considered “dangerous years?” 2. What role did the idea of freedom and human rights play in Cold war ideologies? Dulles’ Diplomacy Sec. Of State John Foster Dulles – 1954 Foreign Policy: Instead of “containing” communism, we’ll “rollback” communism 1. Massive Retaliation: creates the Strategic Air Command (SAC); a plan in which Eisenhower would set aside the army and the navy to build up an air fleet of super-bombers equipped with nuclear bombs. 2. “Brinkmanship”: going to the brink of war without actually getting into war • this policy would allow President Eisenhower to threaten countries such as the Soviet Union and China with nuclear weapons. Geneva Summit Conference , 1955 •Geneva, Switzerland •Eisenhower & new leader Nikita Khrushchev •“Open Skies”: proposed treaty that would allow each side to fly over the other’s territory to learn more about its military abilities. •Peace negotiations were rejected. Fall of Indochina : Cold War Rivalries •nationalist movements tried to throw the French out of Indochina US becomes more anticommunist •North Vietnam under communist control •South Vietnam democratic gov’t- was supported by the United States •Eisenhower believed in domino theory- if one country fell to communism, its neighbors would soon follow. •Dien Bien Phu (1954): France defeated after Eisenhower refuses to send in troops to help the French army who was trapped by Viet Minh guerilla forces •Vietnam divided: North Vietnam (Communist) and South Vietnam divided at the 17th parallel The division was to be temporary—an election would allow the Vietnamese to choose a government pro-western gov’t established in Saigon where elections were held •The United States and its anti-Communist allies created the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization, or SEATO. •Agreed to work together to resist Communist aggression •United States provided much military and economic support to this government NATO vs. WARSAW: US vs. SU •1955, West Germany was let into NATO •1955, the Eastern European countries and the Soviets signed the Warsaw Pact- collective defense treaty The Middle East Suez Crisis (1956): President Nasser of Egypt was seeking funds to build a dam on the Nile River after US refuses turns to SU •After associating with the communists, pulled back U.S. monetary aid for Egypt. •Britain, France, Israel attack Egypt Eisenhower Doctrine, 1957 •Pledged U.S. military and economic aid to Middle Eastern nations threatened by communist aggression. •US influence in the Middle East via Israel vs. Soviet influence in Egypt and Syria •October 4, 1957: Sputnik I •November: Sputnik II, carrying a dog. •superior industrial production lay through communism? •National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) created •Fidel Castro (Cuba, 1959) overthrew U.S.-supported Cuban gov’t •In 1961, America broke diplomatic relations with Cuba. •Cuba’s left-wing dictatorship quickly had the possibility to become a military satellite for the Soviet Union Speaking before the UN General Assembly What did Khruschev mean by this statement?