Transcript Challenges in the Developing world

Bell Ringer
Why did the United
The US was pursuing a policy of
States get involved
containment
in the Korea
conflict?
How did the US view
USthe
view it
as Communism
vs
Vietnam
War?
Democracy
How did the
Vietnamese view the war as
Nationalism
vs Imperialism
Vietnamese
view the
war?
Nationalism- extreme pride in one’s
nation or ethnicity
What is
Nationalism?
What
ImperialismWhen a stronger
nationistakes
over a weaker nation
Imperialism?
A time period of Hostility
WITHOUT armed conflict between
theThe
US (democracy)
andwas…
Cold war
USSR(Communist)
Review- Cold War
Remember the Cold War: hostility between nations WITHOUT armed conflict
The Cold War was mostly between the Communist Soviet Union (USSR) and The
Democratic United States. Democracies value their rights, but in a communist
country you must give up your rights in order to get your basic needs met.
Europe itself was divided along
the Iron Curtain, an imaginary
line separating the Democratic
West from the Communist East.
Appeal of Communism
Post WWII:
-people are starving
-cities in ruins
-homes destroyed
-millions dead
-few jobs
But Communists are
promising:
-jobs for all
-food and shelter for all
-strong government
Which would you prefer? Why?
Containment
The United States passed several measures to ensure
the “containment” of communism inside the iron
curtain.
Truman Doctrine- “it must be the policy of the US to
support free people who are resisting subjugation by
armed minorities or by outside pressures [USSR]”
Marshall Plan- Use financial aid to combat the appeal
of communism- billions spent
By providing basic needs and financial
aid to rebuild, communist influences
are reduced
NATO 1949
(North Atlantic Treaty Organization)
The United States and Western European nations (11 in total) formed an alliance
pledging to help one another if attacked
Big Idea: The Democracies grouped
together for protection, and the
Communist nations did the same
Warsaw Pact
In response to the formation of NATO, Stalin created an alliance with 7 Eastern
European Nations, mostly the Soviet’s satellite nations.
Cold War- Germany
After WWII The allies split
Germany into 4 zones of
occupation. Each nation was
responsible for the
rebuilding and
demilitarization in their
zone.
Berlin, Germany’s capital,
was also split into 4 Zones of
Occupation
Berlin Blockade
1948- time to reunite Germany as one independent
nation but USSR refuses.
Stalin blockades West Berlin to get rid of foreign
influence to turn it to communism.
The Allies respond with the Berlin Airlift- thousands of
supplies are flown into West Berlin for over a year
Berlin Wall
In 1961 the Soviets began to construct a wall around
West Berlin, separating it from Communist East
Germany.
The goal was to stop the flow of refugees trying to
escape communist nations for democracies.
The wall stood from 1961-1989
Cold War- Korea
Background:
-Korea was invaded and controlled by Japan since 1910
-After WWII Korea is occupied by two allies:
-North Korea- Soviet Union
-South Korea- United States
What form of Government would the
North and South each adopt? Why?
Cold War- Korea
In 1950 the allies withdrew. North Korea
invaded the south and established
communist control.
The United States acted to “contain”
communism back to the north.
The US sent in troops and supplies to be
“advisors” in the war
Cold War- Korea
The South pushed back with help from the US.
Soon North Korea’s forces were pushed to the
Chinese Border
China warned the US to not enter China, or
they would become involved
China enters the war in 1951, quickly pushing
the front back to the 38th parallel
Cold War- Korea
Stalemate- The war stalled at the 38th Parallel from 1951- 1953.
A treaty in 1953 did not name a
clear victor or loser.
The US was angry because the
Korean war was the first war they
had not dominated
Communism takes hold of North
Korea and a long lasting resentment
begins
Cold War- Korea
The War Continues!
Technically, we signed a ceasefire/armistice, not a peace treaty
Cold War- Vietnam
Background:
-French Colony
-French tried to maintain control after
WWII ended
France asked the US, via
NATO to help avoid a
communist takeover.
Review: why was NATO
created?
TO CREATE AN ALLIANCE OF DEMOCRATIC
NATIONS TO CONTAIN COMMUNISM
Cold War- Vietnam
Vietnamese nationalist- Ho Chi Minh
Vietnam fought for freedom from the French from
1946-1954. Independent Vietnam was divided by the
peace treaty into North and South Vietnam
Why do you think the US called the
Elections were scheduled for 1950 to re-unite
spreading
ofgovernment.
communism in
Vietnam
under a single
Southeast
Asia the Domino Theory?
The US believed the election would be won by the
communists and stepped in to prevent the “domino
theory” in Asia
Believed if one Asian nation fell to communism the
rest would too
Cold War- Vietnam
1959-1975:
Ho Chi Minh supported the Viet Cong, a
communist rebel group in South Vietnam
The US sent in military supplies and advisors
to the South, but soon entered the war with
troops
The USSR and China sent supplies (no troops)
to Vietnam
The Vietnamese considered the war
Nationalism vs Imperialism
Cold War- Vietnam
The Vietnam war was mostly a guerrilla war
Tet Offensive 1968
The North Vietnamese called for a formal
ceasefire to celebrate the holiday of Tet,
around the new year.
On the first day of Tet, North Vietnam
launched a series of coordinated, well
planned attacks throughout South Vietnam
Violated Normal Rules of War
Cold War- Vietnam
Today, Vietnam is unified and has normal relations
with the United States. Trade has increased and
Vietnam has modernized most of its cities. It is still
politically communist.
Cold War- Middle East
The region has many rich oil resources and is strategically placed along
several waterways
Soviet Union:
Egypt, Iraq, Syria
United States:
Israel, Turkey, Iran
Cold War- Middle East
Afghanistan
In 1979 the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan.
The US gave weapons and aid to Afghan guerillas
who eventually forced the USSR out
Afghanistan is later controlled by
the Taliban (1996)- an Islamic
group who believes in strict
interpretation of Islamic law.
The Taliban scorns democracy
and capitalism
Cold War- Cuba background
Cuba won independence from Spain in 1898 with help from the US. For 60 years
Cuba tried to build a democratic state, but in 1952 Batista seized control, imposing
a repressive and corrupt regime. In 1959 Fidel Castro overthrew Batista and
established a communist dictatorship in Cuba.
The US was worried about a communist nation so close to home and attempted to
invade and overthrow Castro. However, this invasion, known as the Bay of Pigs,
failed terribly.
Cold War- Cuba 1962
Cuba is 90 miles south of Florida
Communist Cuba was allied with the
Soviet Union
In 1962 Spy planes found Missile
launch sites under construction in
Cuba
Why were we scared of launch bases
in Cuba?
Cold War- Cuba 1962
President Kennedy declared a Quarantine
of Cuba- not allowing any ships, from any
nation, carrying missiles into Cuba
The world watched to see what would
happen- fearing nuclear war
Soviet Union backed off and war was
averted.
Cold War- Cuba 1962
Limited Test Ban Treaty
Both sides agree to ban testing nukes
above ground- saves the world from
radioactive debris
WWII Long lasting effects
-Cold War lasts until 1991- over 40 years
-wars are fought pitting Communists
against democrats
-new more powerful weapons
-North Korea considers US their “Sworn
Enemy”
CC cold War
Review
WWII is often considered a turning point in history because
a. The League of Nations demonstrated that an international
organization could maintain world peace
b. The war brought an end of dictatorships
c. European domination of the world began to weaken as nationalism
in colonies increased
d. Religious and ethnic differences were no longer a source of conflict
between nations
Review
During the Cold War era (1945-1990), the United States
and the Soviet Union were reluctant to become involved in
direct military conflict because of
a. Peacekeeping role of the United Nations
b. Pressure from nonaligned nations
c. The potential for global nuclear destruction
d. Increased tensions in the middle east
Review
The Main reason the United Nations sent troops into
Korea in 1950 was to
a. Ensure food reached the areas of the Korean
peninsula affected by Famine
b. Prevent North Korea from conquering the
people of South Korea
c. Force the inspection of nuclear weapons plants
in north Korea
d. Restore peace between warring factions of
Buddhism and Shinto
Review
The conflict between Israel and the Arab nations since 1948
was often considered part of the Cold War primarily because
a. The policy of détente evolved from the conflict
b. Communist governments were established in many
Arab nations
c. The leadership of Joseph Stalin strongly influenced the
policies of Saddam Hussein
d. The United States supported Israel and the Soviet
Union supported several Arab nations
Review
From the perspective of the Vietnamese, the war in
Vietnam in the 1960’s was a battle between
a. Fascism and Liberalism
b. Nationalism and imperialism
c. Republicanism and totalitarianism
d. Theocracy and monarchy
Cuba Today
Though still Communist, the US has started to open negotiations to normalize
relations with Cuba/. This means that trade could be possible between the two
nations. Currently, Cuban made items are illegal in the US, and American citizens
are not allowed to visit Cuba except for few permissible reasons.
Review
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y2IcmLkuh
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Bell Ringer
Korea was split at what dividing line after WWII?
38th Parallel
The leader of the Vietnamese Nationalist movement was:
Ho Chi Minhlooked at war as a National war against imperial powers
Why did the United States get involved in the Korean and
Vietnamese Wars?
The US wanted to avoid the spread of Communism