Transcript Rise of Political Parties

In fact he reluctantly
accepted the position,
unsure he would be
up to the job.
Click the mouse button or press the
Space Bar to display the answer.
GEORGE WASHINGTON
THE PRESIDENT OF PRECEDENTS
Why George?






Admired
High character
Symbol of unity and power
Loyal to nation
Great number of acquaintances
Concerns
 Lacked governmental experience
 Lacked political theory knowledge
Washington’s Domestic Policy
 Bill of Rights
 Government structure and precedents
 Cabinet
 Relation to Congress
 Terms in office
 Fiscal and monetary policy
 Bank of United States created
 Whiskey Rebellion
Bill of Rights
 Passed to appease anti-Federalists.
 12 Constitutional amendments were
sent for ratification
 Only 10 approved
 Congress also passed the Judiciary Act
of 1789 creating the Lower Courts.
Washington’s Cabinet

Thomas Jefferson:
Secretary of State

Alexander Hamilton:
Treasury Department

General Henry Knox:
Secretary of War

Edmund Randolph:
Attorney General
1789 Congress created
a bureaucracy to
handle different
responsibilities
Setting the model for Presidents
 Limited senate control over appointments
to approval only not removal
 President set foreign affairs; Senate advise
and consent
 Act as Legislative Leader by sending bills to
Congress
 Don’t attend Senate meetings
 Limit self to two terms
 Created balance on Supreme Court(3N, 3S)
Financial Problems
 U.S. owed $54 million to foreign
countries and individual bond owners.
 How to handle?
TARIFF OF 1789
 James Madison suggested taxing imports
 Law required importers to pay a percentage of
the value of their cargo when they landed in
the United States
 Affected trade in Southern states
Hamilton’s Program
 Pay off creditors.
 Pay bonds bought by citizens
 Funding Bill. Debate over speculators
vs. original owners.
 Pay off state debts
 Assumption Bill. compromise
 Create National Bank
BANK OF UNITED STATES CREATED
 Hamilton asked Congress to create a
national bank. Argued the bank
needed a way to manage its debts
and interest payments.
 Madison opposed, argued against
bank because Congress did not have
the power specifically mentioned in
the Constitution. (ENUMEATED
POWERS)
BANK OF UNITED STATES CREATED
 WASHINGTON AGREED WITH
HAMILTON AND SIGNED THE BILL
 NATIONAL BANK ESTABLISHED
FOR 20 YEAR PERIOD
WHISKEY REBELLION
 Hamilton urged Congress to place tax
on the manufacture of whiskey.
 Urged Congress to impose a tax on
the manufacture of whiskey.
 New tax enraged Western farmers.
WHY?
WHISKEY REBELLION
 A year later a rebellion erupted.
Western farmers terrorized tax
collectors, stopped court proceedings
and destroyed the whiskey mills of
those who paid the taxes.
WHISKEY REBELLION
 Washington sent nearly 13,000 troops
to crush the Whiskey Rebellion.
 FIRST TIME THE FEDERAL
GOVERNMENT WAS WILLING TO
USE TROOPS AGAINST ITS OWN
PEOPLE.
 WORRIED MANY CITIZENS
Rise of Political Parties
Federalists
Democrats-Republicans
FEDERALISTS
 Led by Alexander Hamilton
 Wanted strong national government
in the hands of the wealthy
 Believed trade and manufacturing as
basis of wealth and power
 Urban, northern cities supported
DEMOCRATS-REPUBLICANS
 Led by Thomas Jefferson and James
Madison
 Referred to as Republicans
 Believed independent farmers as
strength of United States.
 Ideas referred to as agrarianism
 Favored rights of the states
 Rural South and West supported
Washington’s Foreign Policy
 Avoid War




French Revolution
Jay’s Treaty
Pinckney’s Treaty
Westward expansion
French Revolution
 Many sympathized with French.
Citizen Genet.
 We owed them for Am. Revolution.
 Problem: we traded most with Britain
 Washington’s Policy:
 Neutrality.
 We will remain “friendly and impartial”
 Too young, couldn’t afford war.
Jay Treaty
•Britain seizing American vessels.
•Call for war.
•John Jay sent to resolve conflict.
•Britain given favored status and didn’t have to accept
responsibility for taking ships.
•Unpopular in U.S. but we couldn’t go to war.
Pinckney Treaty
•With Spain
•Granted the United States
•the right to navigate the Mississippi River
•the right of deposit at the port in New Orleans
•Border to the Mississippi and south to 31st parallel
Support from western settlers/farmers
Westward Expansion
Americans move to western borders
Tensions with Native Americans
Treaty of Greenville signed
Farwell Address
 Warned against sectionalism
 Cautioned against political parties
 Warned against becoming too
attached to any foreign nation.
Letters to George
Two Letters
1. Persuasive letter explaining why
he should become our first President.
2. Letter to George upon his leaving
office detailing whether his
administration was a success or
failure. Be sure to address events to
support your opinion.