Transcript Establishing the New Government

Chapter 10-1
Establishing the New Government
The inauguration of George
Washington as the first
President of the United States
at Federal Hall, New York,
April 30, 1789.
First President of the United States.
George Washington and his Cabinet.
Left to right: Henry Knox, Thomas
Jefferson, Edmund Randolph,
Alexander Hamilton, and Washington.
The tarring and feathering of a tax collector at Pigeon
Creek, Washington County, Pennsylvania, during the
Whiskey Rebellion in 1794:
A Reluctant President
George Washington became the
first President in 1789. As
president, Washington faced
difficult tasks both home and
abroad.
“…so unwilling am I, … to quit a
peaceful abode for an ocean of
difficulties”
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Organizing the New
Government
President George Washington
took the oath of office as
President on April 30, 1789.
Americans looked at Washington
to make the new government
work. Washington had to set an
example for future generations.
Washington had to show
precedent as the new President.
A precedent is an act or
decision that sets an example
for others to follow.
During his two terms in office
Washington set many
precedents. In 1796, he
decided not to run for a third
term. His refusal to seek a
third term set a precedent 3
others followed until 1940.
Congress Passes the Bill of Rights
The Constitution said little of how
the executive branch of
government should be organized.
When the first Congress met in (1)
New York City in 1789, it passed
the (2) Bill of Rights which were
added to the Constitution as the
first 10 (3) Amendments.
Federal Hall
Congress Passes the Bill of Rights
• Congress created the state, war, treasury,
and attorney general departments of the
(4) executive branch of government.
First President of the United States. President
Washington and his cabinet.
President’s (5) cabinet give advice and are
responsible for directing their departments
First President of the United States.
George Washington and his Cabinet.
Left to right: Henry Knox, Thomas
Jefferson, Edmund Randolph,
Alexander Hamilton, and Washington.
Washington Selects well known
leaders for departments
Two most influential:
Thomas Jefferson as the Secretary of (6) State and
Alexander Hamilton as the Secretary of the (7) Treasury.
Thomas Jefferson
Alexander Hamilton
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Constitution called for a
Supreme Court
Congress had to organize the federal court system. In
1789, Congress passed the (8) Judiciary Act. It called for
the Supreme Court to have one Chief Justice and five
Associate Justices. The Act also set up courts throughout
the country.
John Jay - Chief Justice of
the U.S. Supreme Court
(1789-1795)
Hamilton and the National Debt
Secretary of the Treasury
Alexander Hamilton was
in charge of the country’s
treasury (or money.) He
ran into many problems.
The most important
problem was the large
government debt.
The U.S. was in debt because
the new government borrowed
money to pay for the (9)
Revolutionary War, which it had
borrowed from (10) foreign
governments and individuals.
The total sum of the money a
government owes is called the
national debt. The debt was in
the from of (11) bonds.
The (12) State governments
also had large debts.
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Hamilton’s plan to repay debts.
•He wanted to buy up all the old bonds
issued before 1789.
•Then he planned to sell new bonds to pay
off the old debts.
•When the economy improved, he would
pay off the bonds.
Many people opposed his plan, including
bankers and investors. James Madison
was against Hamilton’s plan. Because
many southern states had paid off their
debts from the Revolution and thought the
other states should do the same.
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Hamilton’s compromise to settle the
nation’s debt.
He agreed to move the capital to New York to the South, if
the southerners supported full payment of the bonds. In
1790, the delegates accepted this compromise and moved
the capital in between Maryland and Virginia. They called
the new capital, The (13) District of Colombia. Today the
capital is called Washington, D.C.
President Washington laying the
cornerstone of the Capitol in 1793.
After solving the national debt, Hamilton
took steps to build the nation’s economy.
•Hamilton called upon Congress to set up a national (14) bank.
•In 1791, congress set up the Bank of the United States. The government
deposited the money it collected on taxes in the bank. In turn, they printed up
paper money pay bills and make loans. The bank made loans to farmers and
business’s to help them expand.
•Hamilton wanted to discourage foreign goods being brought into the country
so he placed a tax, or (15) tariff on all goods brought into the United States.
The First Bank of the
United States, in Third
Street, Philadelphia.
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U.S. NATIONAL DEBT CLOCK
• The Outstanding Public Debt as of
14 Jan. 2014 at 03:07:02 PM GMT is:
• The estimated population of the United States is 317,439,512 so
each citizen's share of this debt is $54,468.64.
The National Debt has continued
to increase an average of
$2.6 billion per day since
September 30, 2012!
Concerned? Then tell Congress
and the White House!
The Whiskey Tax
• In 1791, Congress placed an (16) excise tax on all liquor
made in the United States.
• Backcountry farmers that grew corn to sell to the liquor
makers became very angry.
• These farmers converted corn to whiskey to ship it
easier.
• If the farmers refused to pay the Whiskey tax, they had
to appear in court and forced to pay the taxes or be
placed in jail.
The tarring and
feathering of a tax
collector at Pigeon
Creek, Washington
County, Pennsylvania,
during the Whiskey
Rebellion in 1794:
People rebelled against the
government for the Whiskey Tax
•Mobs of people got together and marched against the
Whiskey Tax. This became known as the (17) Whiskey
Rebellion.
•The President’s quick military response proved to Americans
that the new government would act firmly in a time of crisis.
President Washington sending
troops to put down the
Whiskey Rebellion, 1794.