Transcript Whiskey Rebellion

Chapter 10:The Federalist Era
1789-1800
Lesson 2: Early Challenges
Do you think it is right for the U.S.
government to use force to keep order?
A. Yes, always
B. Yes, under certain
circumstances
C. No, never
A. A
B. B
0% C.
0%C
A
B
0%
C
What challenges did the United
States face during Washington’s
administration?
The Whiskey Rebellion
• Part of Hamilton’s
financial plan was a tax
on whiskey
• 1794
• Tax on whiskey
angered frontier farmers
• Farmers also had
trouble taking their
crops to market
because of bad roads
• They decided to make
their grain into whiskey
More of the Whiskey Rebellion
• Whiskey would be
easier to carry
• They often used
whiskey like money to
buy salt, sugar, nails,
and ammunition
• Did not have money to
pay taxes
• The whiskey tax
seemed as unfair as
British taxes had been
• Some feared more
taxes would follow
Results of the Whiskey Rebellion
• Farmers in western
Pennsylvania refused to
pay the tax
• Farmers took up arms and
chased away the tax
collectors
• Hamilton convinced
Washington that troops
should be sent to put down
the rebellion
• 13,000 soldiers went into
western Pennsylvania
• The rebels fled before a
fight
• Showed that the National
Government had the power
and will to enforce laws
The Whiskey Rebellion
Revolt caused by farmers/whiskey
producers angry about the tax on
whiskey
Revolt put down by Washington
Shows the strength of the new Constitution
Struggle Over the West
• Washington worried
about European
ambitions for the
Northwest Territory
• Washington signed
treaties with the Indians
• He hoped that this
would lessen the
influence of the British
and Spanish on them
• American settlers
ignored the treaties and
moved onto Indian land
• Fighting soon broke out
Washington Sends an Army
• Washington sends in
General Arthur St. Clair
• He was to restore order
in the Northwest
Territory
• November 1791, St.
Clair’s forces were
defeated by Little
Turtle, chief of the
Miami people
• More than 600
American soldiers died
in the battle by the
Wabash River
Alliance With France?
• Many believed an
alliance with France
would help them defeat
the British, Spanish, and
Indians in the West
• The possibility of French
involvement prompted
Britain to take action in
the West
• The British urged Indians
to destroy American
settlements west of the
Appalachians
• The British began
building a new fort in
Ohio
More Fighting
• The Native Americans
demanded that all settlers
north of the Ohio River
leave the territory
• Washington sent another
army under Anthony
Wayne
• 2,000 Indian troops
planned to ambush
Wayne’s smaller force
• Wayne’s troops moved
closer to Fort Miami
The Battle of Fallen Timbers
• Wayne knew that it
was an Indian
custom not to eat
before battle
• The warriors waited
three days for
Wayne’s force
• Grew weaker and
hungrier
• Wayne soundly
defeated the Indians
at the Battle of
Fallen Timbers
After the Battle of Fallen Timbers
• Indians fled to Fort Miami
• British closed the gate on
them
• British would not help them
• Battle of Fallen Timbers
crushed the Indians’ hope of
keeping their land
• Indians signed the Treaty of
Greenville- agreeing to
surrender their homelands in
what is now Ohio
The French are Revolting!
• Split between the Feds and DRs
• Split within the government
Hamilton – opposes supporting the
revolutionaries
Jefferson – wants
support for the
revolutionaries
Problems with Europe
• Many Americans cheered
the French Revolution, but
it soon grew bloody
• France and Britain went to
war and Washington hoped
to maintain neutrality
• The French sent diplomat
Edmund Genet to recruit
American volunteers
• Washington then issued a
Proclamation of Neutrality
• French and British warships
were also barred from
American ports
The Proclamation of Neutrality (1793)
• Authored by Hamilton
• Issued by Washington
• Led to the precedent of
non-involvement and
neutrality in foreign affairs
More Problems with the British
• Impressment of American sailors;
Seizure of American
ships and cargo; act of
war by the British
The British Fight Back
• British warships captured
American ships that
traded with France
• The British forced
American sailors to join
the British navy
(impressment)
• Washington sent John Jay
to negotiate peace with
Britain, and Jay’s Treaty
was signed
• Britain agreed to leave
American soil
• It said nothing about the
impressment or British
interference in trade
Jay’s Treaty was an agreement with
what country?
A. Spain
B. France
C. Britain
D. Russia
0%
A
A.
B.
C.
0%
D.
B
A
B
C
0%
D
C
0%
D
Treaty With Spain
• Spain feared the US and
Britain would work
together against them in
North America
• Thomas Pickney was
sent to Spain to settle
the differences
• 1795- Pickney’s Treaty
gave the Americans free
navigation of the
Mississippi River and the
right to trade at New
Orleans
Washington’s Farewell
• After two terms
• In his farewell he
attacked political parties
• Also attacked the
involvement in foreign
affairs
• “Observe good faith
and justice toward all
nations…”
• “It is our true policy to
steer clear of
permanent alliances”
• These words influenced
the nation’s foreign
policy for more than
100 years
The Retirement of George Washington
• Precedents set:
–Two term tradition
–Use of the Cabinet
–Neutrality in foreign matters
What challenges did the United
States face during Washington’s
administration?
•
What challenges did the United States
face during Washington’s administration?
1. Whiskey Rebellion
2. Securing the Trans-Appalachian West
3. French Revolution
Chapter 8 Section 2 Quiz
During the Whiskey Rebellion, farmers
peacefully protested a special tax.
ls
e
50%
Fa
50%
Tr
ue
A. True
B. False
Washington served three terms
as president.
ls
e
50%
Fa
50%
Tr
ue
A. True
B. False
Alexander Hamilton's taxes led
to rebellion in
A. the Oregon
country.
B. western
Pennsylvania.
C. Virginia.
D. Boston.
es
w
th
e
te
rn
Pe
O
re
go
n
to
n.
os
B
rg
in
ia
.
Vi
nn
sy
co
un
t
lv
an
ia
.
ry
.
25% 25% 25% 25%
French and British warships were
barred from American ports by the
A. Declaration of
War.
B. Treaty of Britain.
C. Treaty of Paris.
D. Proclamation of
Neutrality.
tr.
..
ris
.
Ne
u
Pa
of
of
ty
la
m
at
io
n
Tr
ea
Tr
ea
ty
of
B
Pr
oc
D
ec
la
ra
t
io
n
of
W
rit
a
ar
.
in
.
25% 25% 25% 25%
What did George Washington consider
a grave danger to the new nation?
A. settlers moving
west
B. national taxes
C. growth of political
parties
D. France's influence
...
in
flu
.
..
pa
al
ce
Fr
an
th
of
&#
0
39
po
l
;s
iti
c
na
l
tio
na
gr
ow
se
ttl
er
s
m
ov
in
g
ta
x
w
es
es
t
25% 25% 25% 25%
Participant Scores
0
0
Participant 1
Participant 2
0
0
0
Participant 3
Participant 4
Participant 5
Team Scores
0
0
Team 1
Team 2
0
0
0
Team 3
Team 4
Team 5