Transcript President George Washington

POTUS 1-5
President of the United States
A look at our first 5 Presidents
"I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that
I will faithfully execute the office
of President of the United States,
and will to the best of my ability,
preserve, protect and defend the
Constitution of the United
States."
The first 5 POTUS’
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
George Washington
John Adams
Thomas Jefferson
James Madison
James Monroe
President
George
Washington
George Washington
First President
• our nation’s ______
• only president elected
unanimously
_____________
• Being first is a very difficult
job.
precedent
• There was no ____________
(standard) for how to be
president of the United States.
• George was going to have to do
this himself.
Civic Virtue
• The dedication of citizens to the
common good
______________,
above their
own ________
interests
selfish
• I.E…giving back the money you
found instead of keeping it for
yourself.
• George Washington did not want to
be the president. He was not happy
that he was elected…however,
• His desire for a strong country and
civic virtue led him to
his ___________
accept the presidency.
Strong Government
Runner Up:
• The person to get the
___________________
second most votes
became GW’s Vice
President
• The runner up was
________________
John Adams
• GW and JA took the oath
of office in ___________
New York City
the Nation’s capitol at the
time.
Creating a working government
• The framers created a Supreme Court but
left the ________________.
details to Congress One of
their first duties was to set up the court.
• Congress passed the _______________
Federal JudiciaryAct
of 1789
_________
that
six members one
– Gave the Supreme Court ____________,
associate justices,
Chief Justice and five _________
_____
and
– also created other _________________
lower, less powerful
courts (appellate courts). We are in the Fifth
Circuit Court of Appeals located in New
Orleans.
John Jay first Chief Justice
–
GW appointed _______
Link
Washington asks for help!
• The Constitution gives Congress the power to
departments to help the President lead
create _________
the country. Congress create three
departments right away: ______________,
Department of War
Department
of State __________________
Department of the Treasury.
________________,
• The President has the power to ________
appoint
lead the
(choose) anyone he wants to ______
departments with the _________________.
approval of the Senate
Here I come to save the day!
Because he can’t do everything
• The heads of the Departments became known
President’s Cabinet These are people
as the _____________.
give advice
smart in their jobs who can help __________
and ________
counsel the President on issues he/she
not know everything about
 may ____________________.
Knox a general in the
– Secretary of War
____ – Henry
__________
defenses
Revolution. He oversaw the country’s _________
Link
• Secretary of _______
State – ___.
TJ He oversaw
___________
between the U.S. and
relations
other countries
__________________
Treasury
• Secretary of the ____________
–
Alexander Hamilton
____________________.
His job was to
manage the government’s money
_______________________________.
One more thing…
• To advise the government on legal
matters, Washington appointed Edmund
Attorney General
Randolph as _______________.
MONEY Problems
Economic (_____)
• United States had a large ____
debt
(money the U.S. owed to banks or
other countries).
• Why did the U.S. have such a
large debt?
We borrowed money from France
to fight the revolution
• The new cabinet position of
Secretary of the Treasury went to
Alexander _________.
Hamilton
_________
• His job was to create a plan to fix
the national debt problem.
Hamilton’ Plan
• Step one
– earn ________
money for the government
How will Hamilton make money for the
U.S.?
• by creating tariffs:_______________
a type of tax
• Step Two
pay off all the war debt.
– ____
– Foreign countries may not do business
if we _______________,
owe them money or
– may simply _______
invade us to get it back…
• Step Three
national bank
– create a _____________.
currency
– establish a single national _________.
business easier
• This would make doing _________
• Because you can use one type of dollar
instead of many different state dollars.
• These changes
would make the
U.S. a _________
stronger
nation.
• The tariff encouraged the growth of
manufacturing and business
American ____________________
by making goods from foreign
expensive
countries more ________
Lets’ Grab a box !
How protective tariffs
work…
Made in France
Made in the USA
$1.00
$2.00
How protective tariffs
work…
Made in France
Made in the USA
$1.00
+ 1.50 Tariff
= 2.50 Total
$2.00
To “protect American
manufacturers…the government
tariff on the price of
places a _________
the foreign good, making it more
expensive
• People would be encouraged to buy
the now cheaper American goods.
This is called a __________
protective tariff
protects
because it _________
U.S. interests
(jobs, businesses, government, etc.)
Buy American!
and Save!
Controversy over the National Bank
• Part of Hamilton’s plan, creating the
National Bank was opposed by Jefferson
__________
and __________
because they believed it
Madison
wealthy
would benefit only the __________.
unconstitutional
• TJ said the bank would be ____________
because the Constitution does not
_________________
the government has
specifically say
the power to ______________.
create a bank
Controversy over the National Bank
• Hamilton argued that the Constitution says
the Congress may “___________________
make all Laws which shall
____________________”
for the purpose
be
necessary and proper
of running the country.
elastic clause because
• This is called the “_____________”
it allows the ____________
constitution to _______
stretch and
changing needs of the
bend it the new, ______________
nation as it grows.
• The elastic clause helps to prevent us from
amendments (which
needing to make _____________
takes forever) all the time.
Controversy over the National Bank
Hamilton’s
• Washington agreed with ____________
argument and signed the Banking bill into law.
• This argument highlighted the differences in
how to ______________
read and interpret the Constitution:
strict
– Jefferson and Madison believed in a “________”
interpretation…the government only has the powers
Constitution has WRITTEN down
the _______________________________.
– Hamilton believed in a ________
loose interpretation
saying the elastic clause gives the Congress
flexibility to carry out the government’s
___________
duties.
French Revolution
• During Washington’s presidency the
French people had their own _________
revolution
violent
that was extremely _______…eventually
the French King was _________.
beheaded
threatened
• Other European nations were ________
by this Revolution and declared _____
war
England led the charge.
against France, _______
Another European War…
• The war between France and England put
the U.S. in a _________________.
difficult situation
France was our biggest _____
ally during the
American Revolution and we were still
under ________
treaty with them.
• Jefferson said to crush the French
liberty
Revolution would be an attack on ______
____________.
everywhere
• Hamilton said Britain was our best
trading partner and we should not risk
______________
war with them.
_____
GW: “Let’s keep out of it…”
• In 1793, Washington declared in the
_____________________
Proclamation
of Neutrality that the
neutral
United States would remain ______
and the U.S. would remain “_______
friendly
_____________”
to both sides.
and impartial
• Congress then passed a law
forbidding the U.S. from helping
either side.
Easier said than done.
neutrality difficult by
• England made our __________
cargoes of American _____
ships
seizing the ________
French the Brits were
trading with the ________,
natives on our
also causing trouble with ________
western border.
Jay (the high court
• So, GW sent John
_________
chief justice) to ________
negotiate with the
Jay’s Treaty
French. He wrote _____________
stating
the British will leave North America and
alone
our ships ________.
Whiskey Rebellion
• Grain farmers would harvest the grain and
turn the excess into___________.
whiskey
• Grain that would normally ruin and go to
profit.
waste was then turned into a ________
transport
• This also made it easier to _________
from place to place.
In order to make more
money the government
started charging a tax on
whiskey
____________
Whiskey Rebellion
• Farmer’s protested against the
tax on whiskey by
government’s ______
attacking tax collectors.
• Washington responded
by sending in the U.S. army
• This was the 1st big test of the new
authority
government’s ______________
The Fed. Gov. rules!
• During the Articles
___________________,
of Confederation
Shays’ Rebellion proved that government
___________.
did not work It did not have the
power or the authority to ________
protect its
citizens.
• The Whiskey Rebellion proved just the
Constitutional
opposite…the new _____________
government did have the ________
and
power
authority
___________
to protect its citizens
and it was supported enough to use it!
• George Washington showed that
armed ___________
against the
rebellion
new government (that was so
effective against the King of
NOT
England as colonies) would _____
be tolerated in the new United
States.
• Clearly established ________
federal
control over the states
Federal
Government
State
Farewell Address
• Washington was elected to the
presidency __________
twice
• ________
Declined the offer to serve a
third term (this is how the
tradition of 2 terms started…he Beware
of the
was setting a precedent!)
Future
• Before leaving office, he explained
what he thought would be the most
______________
important issues that future
presidents MUST address to keep
the country together
• The “_____________”
Farewell Address was
Washington’s speech to congress
at the end of his second term as
president
• It explained what he believed
three dangers to the
were ______________
United States:
Washington’s 3 Warnings
1. _______________
could divide
Political parties
Americans and destroy the cooperation
needed in government.
Sectionalism
2. ___________,
or political
divisions based on geographic
loyalties such as between the
northern and southern states
Foreign affairs
3. involvement in _____________
European rivalries that
repeatedly drove those nations
to war.