Transcript Washington Heads the New Government

INSTRUCTIONS
 Take a map from the back bookshelf
 Grab a U.S. History book on the right
table by the pencil sharpener
 Label the front of the map based on the
items listed on the back
 Use the maps in chapter 6 and maps A6
and A8 in the back of the book
U.S. HISTORY
CHAPTER 6-1
WASHINGTON HEADS
THE NEW GOVERNMENT
A NEW GOVERNMENT TAKES SHAPE
 Washington was the
unanimous choice to
be the first President
 Washington and
Congress established
several precedents
(examples) for future
leaders to follow
THE JUDICIARY ACT OF 1789
 The Constitution authorized
Congress to set up a federal court
system, headed by a Supreme Court
 In 1789, Congress passed the
Judiciary Act
 It set up the Supreme Court,
headed by a Chief Justice
THE JUDICIARY ACT OF 1789
 It also set up federal courts
throughout the country
 Section 25 of the Act allowed state
court decisions to be appealed to
federal courts over constitutional
issues
 This guaranteed the supremacy of
federal laws over state laws on
certain issues
WASHINGTON SHAPES
THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH
 Congress set up 3 executive departments in
1789 to help run the government:
1) The Department of State to handle foreign
affairs
2) The Department of Treasury to handle the
nation’s finances
3) The Department of War to manage the
military
 Congress also created the attorney general to
handle the government’s legal matters
WASHINGTON SHAPES
THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH
 Washington
appointed:
1) Thomas Jefferson
as Secretary of
State
2) Alexander Hamilton
as Secretary of
Treasury
3) Henry Knox as
Secretary of War
4) Edmund Randolph
as Attorney General
WASHINGTON SHAPES
THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH
From these departments
Washington set up what became
known as the cabinet
This is a group of advisers to
the President chosen from
the department heads
WASHINGTON SHAPES
THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH
 The Constitution states that the president has
the power to make treaties and appoint
government officials
 It is silent, however, on how they are
approved by Congress
 Washington established the precedent that
the Senate could:
1) Approve presidential appointees, but not
remove them
2) Ratify or reject treaties only after they were
made
WASHINGTON SHAPES
THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH
 Washington led the legislative battle,
urging Congress to pass laws he
believed in the public interest
 Congress almost always followed his
lead
 This precedent was followed by
Washington’s successors, making the
President the Chief Legislator
WARM-UP
Take a copy of Reteach 8-1
On a separate piece of paper answer the
questions in the chart, number 1-15. Do
not write on the worksheet.
Hold on to your papers and put the
worksheet in the basket on the back
bookshelf
You have ten minutes to do this
HAMILTON’S ECONOMIC PLAN
 The nation had a large national debt
from the Revolutionary War
 The Continental Congress had borrowed
money from foreign governments and
private citizens
 The national government was
responsible for 2/3rds of this debt
 The states were responsible for 1/3
HAMILTON’S ECONOMIC PLAN
 Secretary of Treasury Hamilton
proposed the federal government:
1) Pay off its foreign debt
2) Assume the debts of the states
 Hamilton felt assuming the debts of the
states would give creditors an incentive
to support the new government
 Some southern states objected to this as
they:
1) had already paid their debts
2) didn’t want to pay for northern debts
HAMILTON’S ECONOMIC PLAN
 To win support for his debt plan,
Hamilton suggested moving the nation’s
capital from New York City to a new city
in the South
 In 1790, Congress passed a debt bill,
which:
1) Had the federal government take over
state debts
2) Authorized the construction of a new
national capital in the District of
Columbia (Washington, D.C.)
PLAN FOR A NATIONAL BANK
 Hamilton also wanted to create the
Bank of the United States, funded
by both the federal government and
wealthy investors
 He felt this would tie wealthy
investors to the country’s welfare
 The bank would issue paper money
and handle tax receipts and other
government funds
PLAN FOR A NATIONAL BANK
 The National Bank’s chief
opponents were Thomas Jefferson
and James Madison
 They based their opposition to the
National Bank not being an
enumerated power
 Enumerated Power - Power
specifically mentioned in the
Constitution
PLAN FOR A NATIONAL BANK
 Hamilton believed that the National
Bank was legal based on implied powers
 Implied Powers - Power suggested,
but not directly stated in the
Constitution
 He used the Elastic Clause of the
Constitution to back up his argument
PLAN FOR A NATIONAL BANK
 It states, Congress shall have the power
“To make all laws which shall be
necessary and proper for carrying into
execution the foregoing powers, and all
other powers vested in this Constitution
in the government of the United States,
or in any department or officer thereof.”
 This gives Congress the authority to do
whatever is “necessary and proper” to
carry out its specific enumerated powers
In the end Congress and Washington
sided with Hamilton and signed the
Bank Bill, establishing the Bank of the
United States
HAMILTON & JEFFERSON DEBATE
 The political divisions in
the nation were
embodied in
Washington’s cabinet by
Hamilton and Jefferson
 Hamilton believed in:
1) A strong federal
government
2) Government run by the
educated upper-class
3) An economy based on
commerce & industry
HAMILTON & JEFFERSON DEBATE
 Jefferson
believed in:
1)Strong state
and local
governments
2)Government
rooted in
popular
participation
3)An economy
based on
farming
THE FIRST POLITICAL PARTIES
 Differences between Hamilton and
Jefferson gave rise to the nation’s
first political parties
 These parties formed around the
issue of the power and size of the
federal government in relation to
state and local governments
THE FIRST POLITICAL PARTIES
 Those who supported Hamilton called
themselves Federalists
 They believed in a strong federal
government
 Those who supported Jefferson called
themselves Democratic-Republicans
 They believed in strong state
governments
THE FIRST POLITICAL PARTIES
 Washington worried political
parties were a danger to national
unity
 By the time Washington left office,
however, the two-party system was
firmly established
THE WHISKEY REBELLION
 To pay off the nation’s debt, Congress passed
a protective tariff in 1789
 Protective Tariff - A tax on imports to
protect products from foreign competition
 Hamilton also wanted an excise tax
 Excise tax - Tax paid by the manufacturer of
a product and passed on to those who buy
 Congress passed the first excise tax in 1791
on Whiskey
THE WHISKEY REBELLION
 Most whiskey producers were small
frontier farmers
 As whiskey was their main source
of cash, in 1794, farmers in western
Pennsylvania refused to pay the tax
THE WHISKEY REBELLION
 They beat up a federal
marshal in Pittsburgh,
and tarred and
feathered others
 Washington personally
lead the Army and
suppressed the
rebellion
 The Whiskey Rebellion
showed the
consolidation of federal
power in domestic
(within the U.S.) affairs