Transcript Chapter 8 Launching the Republic (1789

Which of the following do you think is the
most important of the Bill of Rights?
A. Freedom of speech
B. The right to a fair trial
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D. Protection from unreasonable C.
search and seizure
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C. The right to keep and
bear arms
Chapter 8 The Federalist Era
(1789-1800)
Section 1 The First President
What were the precedents that
Washington established as the first
president of the United States?
George Washington
• Became the first president of the
United States on April 30, 1789
• (Several others served as
president under the Articles of
Confederation)
• John Adams became Vice
President
• Washington knew that the
precedents he established would
shape the future of the United
States
• Washington created departments
• Set up the court system
• Added a Bill of Rights to the
Constitution
The First Cabinet
• Washington chose prominent
figures to head departments
• State Department- Handled
relations with other nations
(Thomas Jefferson)
• Department of the TreasuryHandled financial matters
(Alexander Hamilton)
• Department of War- Handled
the nation’s defense (Henry
Knox)
• Edmund Randolph became
attorney general- Handled the
government’s legal affairs
• Office of postmaster general
was also established
• The three department heads
and the attorney general
became known as the
cabinet
• The president has the power
to dismiss cabinet members
Which of the following is NOT a
branch of the US Government?
A. The Executive branch
B. The Judicial branch
C. The Military branch
D. The Legislative branch
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The Judiciary Act of 1789
• Congress had to decide how
to set up the judicial system
• Some wanted a uniform
national legal system and
some favored state courts
• The two groups
compromised in the
Judiciary Act of 1789
• Congress established a
federal court system with the
power to reverse state
decisions
• The Supreme Court would
be the supreme authorityJohn Jay was chosen as
chief justice
The Bill of Rights
• Many people insisted that the
Constitution include guarantees of
civil liberties
• Some states supported the
Constitution on the condition that a
bill of rights would be added in the
near future
• Congress passed 12 amendments
and the states ratified 10 of them
• December 1791- The 10
amendments became the Bill of
Rights
• The Bill of Rights limits the powers
of government
• Protects individual rights (speech,
press, trial by jury…)
• 10th amendment- Madison hoped to
use the states as an important line
of defense against a too powerful
government
The New Country’s Economy
• Washington left the
economic policies to his
secretary of the treasury,
Alexander Hamilton
• Hamilton had bold plans
and policies to deal with
the country’s finances
• The new nation faced a
serious national debt…
and it was growing
• Hamilton tried to find a
way to improve the
government’s financial
reputation and strengthen
the nation at the same
time
Hamilton’s Financial Plan
• 1. Pay off war
Debt
• 2. Raise revenue
by tariffs
• 3. Create a
national bank
Which of the following is not a part of
Alexander Hamilton’s plan for
strengthening the nation’s economy?
A. Repaying debt to
foreign countries
B. Establishing a
national bank
C. Collecting national taxes
D. Issuing bonds to
American citizens
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Opposition to the Plan
• Those that bought bonds
during the American
Revolution- Many people sold
them for lesser value
• The new bond owners would
be paid off at original value
• Southern states objected
because they accumulated
much less debt than the
Northern states
• Hamilton worked out a
compromise with the South- If
they paid off the debt, the
new capital would be in the
South
• Washington D.C. was now in
planning
The Fight Over the Bank
• Hamilton asked
Congress to create a
national bank- The
Bank of the United
States
• Madison and Jefferson
opposed a national
bank saying it would
benefit the wealthy and
it was unconstitutional
• Hamilton argued that
Congress had the
power to do so
• Washington agreed,
and a national bank
was created
Tariffs and Taxes
• Hamilton proposes a
tariff to protect
American industries
from foreign
competition
• A tax on imports
• The South opposed,
but Hamilton won
support in Congress
• A tax on whiskey
distilled in the
United States was
also added
What were the precedents that
Washington established as the first
president of the United States?
Washington started the tradition of the
Inaugural Address, two terms in office,
the creation of the cabinet, and a
foreign policy of neutrality.
Chapter 8 Section 1 Quiz
The nation's first vice president
was
A. George
Washington.
B. John Adams.
C. Samuel Adams.
D. Benjamin
Franklin.
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One of the liberties guaranteed
in the Bill of Rights is
A. the right to ban the
press.
B. the right to refuse
taxes.
C. freedom of speech.
D. the right to own a
home.
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The first chief justice of the
United States was
A. John Adams.
B. Alexander
Hamilton.
C. George
Washington.
D. John Jay.
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The Judiciary Act of 1789 established
what kind of legal system?
A. congressional law
B. international court
system
C. federal court
system
D. stack court
system
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To help build a strong national economy,
Hamilton asked Congress to create
a national bank.
the stock market.
trade tariffs.
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